“拥有”是个及物动词,句法结构属于“主谓宾”,这个用法很简单。
Have 的动词变位:
Have
Has
Had
Having
Had
Have 的完成时态
Has/have had
Had had
He had a new car and a boat. (例句来自牛津字典)
I don’t have that much money on me.(例句来自牛津字典)
Oscar had a new bicycle.(例句来自柯林斯字典)
I want to have my own business.(例句来自柯林斯字典)
She had no job and no money.(例句来自柯林斯字典)
You have beautiful eyes.(例句来自柯林斯字典)
Do you have any brothers and sisters?(例句来自柯林斯字典)
Have高级用法“使”
“使...怎样”是个及物动词,句法结构属于“主谓宾 宾补”,这个用法不太好掌握。
Have 的动词变位:
Have
Has
Had
Having
Had
Have 的完成时态
Has/have had
Had had
1.Mary had her eyes closed. (例句来自牛津字典)
分析:Mary让eyes处于closed的状态。Closed形容词做宾补。
2.They had the curtains open.(例句来自牛津字典)
分析:They让curtains处于 open的状态。 open形容词做宾补。
- Have 宾语 过去分词
1.I had your rooms cleaned and aired.(例句来自柯林斯字典)
分析:I让rooms被人cleaned and aired。cleaned 和 aired过去分词做宾补。我找人把屋子打扫的,但我自己没有做。
2.They had him killed. (例句来自柯林斯字典)
分析:They让him被人 killed。 killed过去分词做宾补。他们找人把他结果了的,但他们自己没有做。
3.We had our money stolen.
分析:We让our money被人stolen。stolen过去分词做宾补。我让人把钱偷了,但我们自己没有偷。自己也不可能偷自己的钱嘛,意思是说钱被别人偷走了。
- have 宾语 不带to的不定式
1.The boss had the secretary type the letter for him.
分析:The boss让secretary 打字。type the letter做宾补。老板让秘书打字,老板不打字。
2.The teacher makes us read the novel.
分析:The teacher让us读书。read the novel做宾补。老师让我们读书,老板不读书。
Have跨界用法“已经”,此时的have就不在是动词啦,而是助动词。助动词小科普:它自己不能当谓语,只是起到助力的作用。既然是助力的作用,就不要太把自己当回事儿。打辅助,不打主攻。
此时的助动词have只有三种简单的变化
Have done = 现在完成时
Has done = 现在完成时
had done = 过去完成时
1. Have got = have,这种用法出现在英式英语,英国人愿意用have got来表示“拥有”。
Have you got a job yet?(例句来自牛津字典)
She’s got a BA in English.(例句来自牛津字典)
2. 完成时
Alex has already gone. (例句来自柯林斯字典)
What have you found so far?(例句来自柯林斯字典)
Frankie hasn’t been feeling well for a long time. (例句来自柯林斯字典)
Had与had,傻傻分不清
Had①:have的过去式,用于谓语,表示过去的时态
Had②:have的过去分词,不能单独使用,与have勾结,变成完成时。
Had③:助动词have的变位,与done勾结,让动词变身过去完成时。
I had① a car. 我曾经拥有一辆车。现在没有了。
I have③ had② a car. 我此刻已经拥有了一辆车。
I had③ finished reading the book before last Friday. 在上周五前,就读完了。
咋样,脑容量还能扛得住吗?扛得住的话,我继续加深了啊!
Have done sth 和have sth doneI have③ repaired the chair. 我修理了。
I have① the chair repaired. 我让椅子被别人修理了。找人修了。
I have③ cut my hair. 我自己把头发剃了。
I have① my hair cut. 我让Tony老师给我理的发。
They had③ killed him. 他们亲自把他结果了。
They had① him killed. 他们叫人把他做了。
She has③ bought that book. 她买了那本书
She has① that book bought. 她让别人买了那本书(是不是送给她自己,不知道。可能她就是促销员,卖书的)
最后来一个绝的
I had had that pen for five years but lost it last Friday. 上周五把笔弄丢了,在周五之前都买回来五年了。
谁知道第一个had是啥,第二个had是啥?快来留言吧。