1.插入语是在一个句子中插入一个成分,它不是句子的成分,而是表示说话人的态度或进行解释补充说明等。
Frankly,I’d like to listen to music.
坦率地说,我想听音乐。(副词作插入语,表示说话人的态度)
True,your daughter is at home now.
真的,你女儿现在在家。(形容词作插入语)
Judging from what he said,he does look down upon his elder brother.
由他的话判断,他的确看不起他哥哥。(现在分词作插入语,说话者的附加说明)
To tell you the truth,he doesn’t quite agree with this idea.
说实话,他不同意这个观点。(不定式作插入语,说话者的附加说明)
2.状语主要修饰谓语动词,也可以修饰形容词或副词。
Here you should speak frankly.
在这里你应该说实话。(副词frankly修饰动词speak)
He came back,hungry and tired.
他回来了,又饥又渴。(形容词作伴随状语,说明came back的状况)
Seeing from the window,he can see the lake.
从窗口看,他能看见这个湖。(现在分词作状语,修饰see)
To buy the machine,he went to Beijing.
为买机器,他去了北京。(不定式作目的状语,修饰went)
【比较】
①Honestly,I do not remember the first time I met him.
老实说,我不记得是什么时候第一次见到他。(honestly作插入语,表示说话人的态度)
②He honestly told me the result of the examination.
他诚实地告诉了我检查的结果。(honestly修饰told作状语)
【高考演练】
1.【全国大纲卷】________ the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.
A.Not do only B.Do not only C.Only Not do D.Not only do
【答案】D 考查倒装句。句意:护士们不仅要求涨工资而且也要求减少劳动时间。此处后面的but also 被省略,not only引导的句子置于句首时,要部分倒装。故选D。
2.【全国大纲卷】________ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.
A.Calling B.Call C.To call D.Having called
【答案】B 考查特殊句式。句意:明天给我打电话,我会告诉你实验的结果。此句是祈使句,故用动词原形。故选B。
3.【福建】The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,________,reaching 30℃ in summer.
A.if not B.if ever C.if any D.if so
【答案】B 考查省略句。句意:这儿的气候很宜人。在夏天时,气温很少达到30℃,如果曾经有过的话。根据句意可知,条件句应该是if the temperature ever reaches 30℃ in summer,其省略形式if ever正确。if not 如果不;if any 如果(有)任何(……);if so 如果这样。故选B。
4.【福建】It was the culture,rather than the language,________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
A.where B.why C.that D.what
【答案】C 考查强调句型。句意:正是文化而非语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。本句去掉it was和that之后,剩余部分仍然能够构成一个结构正确、意义完整的句子,故确定其为强调句型,故选C。
5.【湖南】Only when you can find peace in your heart________good relationships with others.
A.will you keep B.you will keep C.you kept D.did you keep
【答案】A 考查倒装句。句意:只有当你内心感觉平和时,你才能与别人保持良好的关系。副词only 位于句首,引起部分倒装,可排除B、C;根据时间状语从句中的时态可排除D项。故选A。
6.【湖南】________ what you’re doing today important,because you’re trading a day of your life for it.
A.Make B.To make C.Making D.Made
【答案】A 考查祈使句。句意:使你今天正在做的变得重要,因为你正在用你生命中的一天与之交换。题干中逗号后是一个原因状语从句,因此前面必须是一个主句才能成立。只有用动词原形才能构成一个祈使句,才是一个完整的句子。故选A。
7.【湖南】It’s not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do________makes life happy.
A.that B.which C.what D.who
【答案】A 考查强调句型。句意:使生活变得更加快乐的不是做我们喜欢的事,而是喜欢我们必须要做的事。这里是强调句型,把it’s和that 去掉之后,句子仍成立。故选A。
8.【陕西】No sooner________stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
A.had Mo Yan B.Mo Yan had C.has Mo Yan D.Mo Yan has
【答案】A 考查特殊句式。no sooner ...than ...引导时间状语从句,且当no sooner 位于主句句首时,主句用部分倒装形式,即将主句谓语中的助动词、系动词或情态动词提到其主语前,故选A。
9.【四川】Was it because Jack came late for school________Mr Smith got angry?
A.why B.who C.where D.that
【答案】D 考查特殊句式。句意:是不是因为杰克上学迟到老师才生气的?此题考查的是强调句的一般疑问句,所强调的成分为原因状语从句because Jack came late for school,故用that。故选D。
10.【天津】Give me a chance,________I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
A.if B.or C.and D.while
【答案】C 考查并列句。句意:给我一个机会,我会给你一个绝妙的惊喜。本句是一个表示顺接关系的句子,故用and连接。if表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句;or表示“否则,要不然”,表示一种相反的假设;while意为“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句,若意为“虽然,尽管”,则引导让步状语从句。故选C。
11.【重庆】— I spent two weeks in London last summer.
— Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,________you?
A.mustn’t B.haven’t C.didn’t D.hadn’t
【答案】C 考查特殊句型的用法。在“...must have done ...”这个表示对过去的推测的句型中,反义疑问句不可用must的任何形式,因为must用于表推测时仅能用于肯定句。若语境中有明确地表示过去的时间状语,反义疑问句必须用过去时的否定式,若没有明确地表示过去的时间状语且强调现状则用完成时。该题中上句有last summer,故选C。
12.【重庆】The headmaster will not permit the change in the course,nor________it a thought.
A.does he even giveB.he even gives
C.will he even giveD.he will even give
【答案】C 考查倒装。句意:校长既不会允许课程上的变革,也不会对其予以考虑。否定副词nor置于句首时,句子要使用部分倒装。由第一分句中的will 可知,此处应用将来时。故选C。
13.【江西】Never before________seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A.had she B.she had C.has she D.she has
【答案】C 考查倒装句。句意:她以前从没见过网球打得和罗伯特一样好的人。否定副词放在句首,后面的句子用倒装结构。由从句谓语动词及没有与主句动作的具体对比的时态,故选C。
14.【辽宁】Not until he retired from teaching three years ago________having a holiday abroad.
A.he had consideredB.had he considered
C.he consideredD.did he consider
【答案】D 考查倒装句。句意:直到三年前他从教育行业退休,他才考虑出国度假。Not until 位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。故排除答案A和C。又因为题干中的three years ago 提示要用一般过去时,故选D。
15.【江苏】There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,________?
A.is there B.isn’t there C.is he D.isn’t he
【答案】A 考查反意疑问句。句意:他是无辜的,你的内心对此并不怀疑,是吗?根据句子结构以及选项可知本题考查反意疑问句。that he is innocent是doubt的同位语从句,前面部分为主句。主句中的little为否定词,反意疑问句应用肯定式,故选A。
16.【四川】This is not my story,nor________the whole story.My story plays out differently.
A.is there B.there is C.is it D.it is
【答案】C 考查倒装句式。句意:这不是我的故事,也不是全部的故事。我的故事与这不同。否定词nor 放在句首时,后边的句子应用部分倒装结构。故选C。
17.【重庆】It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic________Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A.when B.that C.after D.since
【答案】选B 考查强调句。句意:在克里斯托弗·哥伦布横跨大西洋80年前,郑和就航行到了东非。强调句基本结构为:It is/was ...that ...。本句被强调部分是时间状语从句80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。故选B。
18.【湖南】It was not until I came here________I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A.who B.that C.where D.before
【答案】B 考查强调句。句意:直到我来到这里,我才意识到这个地方出名不仅仅是因为它的美丽还因为它的气候。本题考查强调句的特殊句式it was not until ...that ...直到……才……。故选B。
19.【江苏】It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.________,we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A.Otherwise B.If not C.But for that D.If so
【答案】D 考查省略结构。句意:听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话,我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。otherwise 否则,要不然;if not 如果不这样的话;but for that 要不是因为那样;if so 如果这样的话。故选D。
20.【全国Ⅰ】Only when he reached the tea-house________it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A.he realized B.he did realize C.realized he D.did he realize
【答案】D 考查倒装。当only跟状语位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,即把助动词放在主语的前面。此处only跟时间状语从句when he reached the tea-house位于句首,所以用部分倒装。故选D。