介词
介词不在句中独立作成分，其后一般接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，还可接不定式（如except, but）或从句，有时也可接一个介词短语（如from among the trees）。
一、介词的分类
1. 从结构上看，介词可分为：
（1）简单介词，如at, by, for, in, of, on, over, up。
（2）合成介词，如inside, into, throughout, within。
（3）以-ing结尾的介词，如concerning, following, including, regarding。
（4）短语介词，如according to, because of, in regard to, instead of。
2. 从词义看，常见的介词有下列几种：
（1）表示时间，如at, before, between, during, on, since, until。
（2）表示地点，如across, behind, near, off, towards, under, up。
（3）表示原因，如due to, for, with。
（4）表示让步，如despite, in spite of。
（5）表示条件，如but for, in case of, without。
（6）表示手段、方式，如by, in, with。
（7）其它，如against, as for, of。
二、介词与动词、名词和形容词的搭配
1. 动词 介词，如come across, consist of, look after, result from, stick to, wait for。
2. 名词 介词，如devotion to, doubt about, interest in, struggle against。
3. 介词 名词，如by chance, in debt, on purpose。
4. 介词 名词 介词，如by means of, on behalf of, in spite of, in terms of。
5. 形容词 介词，如confident in, different from, fond of, good at, satisfied with。
高考链接
用适当的介词填空。
1. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ________ walking, cycling or swimming.
2. Corn uses less water ________ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
3. If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ________ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
4. This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) ________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects ...
5. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.
Key: 1. than 2. than 3. for 4. as 5. in
代词
一、代词概述
代词可分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词。
1. 人称代词不仅指人，也可指物，有人称和数的变化。
2. 物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
3. 反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语。如：
Nancy cut herself while she was chopping vegetables.
Bob is not quite himself today.
Did you want to talk to the chairman himself, or could his personal assistant help you?
4. 指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个（些）”、“那个（些）”。常用的指示代词有this, that, these, those。
5. 不定代词可分为两类：
a.
b. some, any, both, none, either, neither, all, one, each, many, much, another, other, more, most, few, little等。
6. 相互代词只有each other和one another两个。
7. 疑问代词是用来进行提问、构成特殊疑问句的词，如who, whom, whose, what, which。
8. 连接代词是用来引导名词性从句的词，如who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever。
9. 关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which等。
二、易混代词辨析
1. one, ones, that, those, it
