大家先请看下面的试题:
---The cars made in Germany are more expensive than _____ made in Japan.
---Yes, you are right. But they're much better.
A. those B. that C. ones D. it
【易错选项】选C
【易错原因】分不清ones和 those的区别。
【正确答案】A
【试题解析】句意为:“德国制造的汽车比日本制造的汽车贵。”“是的,你说得对。但是它们好得多。”指代前面提到的可数名词复数cars,且有made in Japan限定,表示特指,故用 those。
one,ones,that,those在比较结构中的用法辨析
例句:
(1) These books are rather difficult for me. Please get me some easier ones.
这些书对我来说太难了,请给我一些容易的(书)。
(2) You needn’t give books to those/the ones who have got it.
你不必把书给那些已拿的人。
(3) Weather here is much hotter than that in Beijing.
这儿的天气比北京的(天气)热多了。
(4) This TV set is much more expensive than that/the one in the window。
这台电视机比橱窗里的那台(电视机)贵多了。
解析:
在比较结构中,为了避免重复,常用替代词替代名词词组或它的中心词。可以这样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有one,ones,that和those。
I.替代词one和ones的用法:
1.one只能替代单数名词,必须带有一个限定或修饰词,指同类不同个(另一个同类物品)。如this one,that one,the one, a green one, either one,the same one,等。
My child doesn't like this book.Show her a more interesting one
2.one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。它也必须带有一个限定或修饰词,如these ones, those ones, the ones, some interesting ones,指另一些同类的物品,这是替代词one或 ones在用法上的一个重要特征。例如:
I don't like these books.I'd like some more interesting ones.
我不喜欢这些书。我想要一些更有趣的书。
3.当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠词。例如:
Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before.
我们的新磁带比以前的贵。
4.当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this,that, which和序数词等之后,可以省略。one作代词,代替前面提到的人或物,以避免重复。此时one只能代替可数名词,其复数形式为ones。 one或ones用于this,that,these, those,either,neither或形容词最高级后面时,常常可以省略。
The new designs are much better than the old ones.这些新设计比那些旧的好得多。
I think my dog is the fastest(one).我想我的狗是跑得最快的一条。
This book is much better than that(one). 这本书比那本好得多。
5.替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不可说my one(s),your one(s),Peter's one(s)等等。one或 ones也不能用在own之后。
但是,如果有了形容词,one(s)可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。如:
My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John's expensive one. 我的廉价照相机似乎和约翰的昂贵照相机一样好。
6.当两个形容词表示对照的意思时,不能使用替代词 one。仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。例如:
Don't praise the younger child in the presence of the elder.
不要在长者面前表扬年幼的孩子。
7.替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替代整个名词词组。这时,one=a+单数名词。例如:
A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice.(one =a cake) 小麦做的蛋糕比大米做的蛋糕便宜。
one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当一个不定冠词,因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物,只能用some。例如:
Here are a few apples.Would you like some(=some of them)?
这儿有几个苹果。你想要一些吗?
II.替代词that和those的用法:
1.that和those通常用作代词,也可用作替代词。代替上文中出现的名词,它表示与前面同类的东西。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语,分别等于that=the one和 those=the ones。例如:
The price of wheat is higher than that of rice. 小麦的价格比大米高。
The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.
富人的房子一般比穷人的大。
2.that也可替代不可数名词,但是 the one则不能。例如:
The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one.
较粗电线的电阻小于较细电线的电阻。
以上两例中的that都不能换成the one。
the one 用来指代同类事物中特指的另一个,可与that替换.如:
This story is not so interesting as the one / that we heard last night.
这个故事不如我们昨晚听到的那一个有趣。
另外,that可代替上文中全句的内容,it和one则不能.如:
He will ask me to lend him some money and I can’t do that.
他问我借点钱,可我不能借。
We see him when he comes to town,but that isn’t often.
他进城时我们能见到他,但是这种情况不常有.
3.that作替代词,只能指物,不能指人。those作替代词,既可指物,也可指人。“那些……的人”,“那些……的物”。例如:
The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with.
我看到的那个金发女孩比和你跳舞的那个女孩年纪大。
Moral values in America are like those in any culture.
美国的道德价值观和任何文化中的道德价值观都是一样的。
In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden. 在那些日子里,他们的生活比负重的野兽还要糟糕。
在该句中,前面出现的词组为a life,但that替代的却是the life。
The students in our class work harder than those in their class.
我们班的同学比他们班的同学学习更刻苦。
由one构成的常用短语和固定结构:
one by one(一个一个地),
as one一致;一齐
one or two(一两个;很少的)
a hundred and one 很多
ones and twos三三两两地
one after the other /one after another(一个接一个)
for one thing...for another(首先……再者;一方面……另一方面)。
1.There are still one or two problems to be settled.仍然有一两个问题需要解决。
2.I can't travel this summer.For one thing,I'm short of money;for another,I have not much spare time.
今年夏天我不能旅游了。首先,我缺钱;再者,我也没有太多的空余时间。
one作人称代词可以笼统地指任何人、某一伙人中的一个人或说话人。当one笼统地指任何人时,其用法相当于you指代任何人。在书面语中,one比you更常见。
1.One can't succeed without working hard.一个人不努力工作是不会成功的。
2.He is the one who never troubles about personal interests.他是一个从不计较个人利益的人。
3.
It seems that the fifth man is one John Cairncross.
第五位好像是一个名叫约翰·凯恩克罗斯的人。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
4. Subaru is one of the smallest Japanese car makers.
斯巴鲁是日本最小的汽车制造商之一。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
5. Happy New Year to one and all!
祝各位新年快乐!