同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。
一、同位语从句的结构
1. 同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
例句:
I heard the news that our team had won.
我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
2. 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility,decision等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。
例句:
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
3. 英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。连接副词how,when,where等。(注:if不能引导同位语从句。)
例句:
He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
4. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。
例句:
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。
二、同位语从句的应用
同位语从句的引导词,引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。
1. that引导
that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。that不能省略,没有具体的意思,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。(注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略)
例句:
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。(作idea的同位语)
2. whether引导
例句:
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
3. 连接代词what, who, whom, whose,引导同位语从句
1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.
我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语)
2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. (who作主语)
4. 连接副词when, where ,how, why引导同位语从句
例句:
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。
重点同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导。同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
他从玛丽那得到消息说运动会推迟了。
难点1. 在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气
例句:
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
2. 引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
3. whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
易错点同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1. 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,起限定作用。而同位语从句等同于它所修饰的名词,是名词性的,其功能是对所修饰的名词作补充说明。同位语从句一般跟在名词fact,hope,idea,news,doubt,suggestion,information,opinion,decision,discovery,truth,promise,statement,problem,rule等的后面。
例句:
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。(同位语从句)
Where did you get the idea that I could not come.
你在哪儿听说我不能来?(同位语从句)
I have no idea whether he'll come or not.
我不知道他是否来。(同位语从句)
It is a fact (that) you can't deny.
这是一个你不能否认的事实。(定语从句)
It is a fact that she has done her best.
她尽了最大的努力,这是事实。(同位语从句)
2. 在定语从句中,that代先行词,在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当某个句子成分,在作宾语时通常可省略。而在同位语从句中,that只起连接主句和从句的作用,无意义,在从句中不充当句子成分,一般不可省。
例句:
The news (that) we heard spread all over the school campus.
我们听到的消息传遍了校园。(定语从句)
The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句)
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