一、助动词have/has
主语(三单) → has
主语(非三单) → have
例如：
He has ... The water has ...
They have .... These workers have ....
We have .... The girl has ....
二、动词过去分
(一 )规则变化：（与过去式变法一致）
①一般加-ed. play-played
②以不发音e结尾的动词加-d. live-lived
③以"辅音字母 y"结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed. study-studied
④重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写末尾辅音字母再加ed.
stop-stopped, shopped, dropped
(二) 不规则变化（不规则动词表）
技巧 动词过去式规则，过去分词就规则。 动词过去式不规则，过去分词也不规则。
(三) 即学即练：
1.be(am/is/are)- 2.break-
3.forget-4.build- 5.speak- 6.go-
7.meet- 8.run- 9.hold-
10.do- 11.drink- 12.drive-
参考答案
1.been 2.broken3.forgotten4.built5.spoken
6.gone7.met8.run9.held10.done
11.drunk12.driven
Three句型转换方法变否定：助动词have/has 后加not。变一般疑问句：助动词have/has提前，其余步骤不变。变特殊疑问句：①确定疑问词 ②助动词have/has提前，其余步骤不变。
缩写I have=I’ve she/he has=she’s/he’shave not=haven’t has not=hasn’t
(一)示例：
1.
肯定句：
Jack has already finished his homework.
否定句：
Jack hasn't finished his homework yet.
一般疑问句：
Has Jack finished his homework yet?
肯定回答：Yes, he has.
否定回答：No, he hasn't.
特殊疑问句：(对划线部分提问)
What has Jack finished yet?
2.
肯定句：
I have ever seen the film in my bedroom.
否定句：
I have never seen the film in my bedroom. (常见用法)
I haven't seen the film in my bedroom.
一般疑问句：
Have you ever seen the film in your bedroom?
肯定回答：Yes, I have.
否定回答：No, I haven't.
特殊疑问句：(对划线部分提问)
Where have you ever seen the film?
(二) 总结：
Four区别·现在完成时&一般过去时
现在完成时: 强调过去已经发生、完成的动作或状态，对现在的影响或结果，与现在有关。一般过去时: 仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。
例如：
He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.
他已经买了一本英汉词典。
(强调对现在的影响，过去买了，现在他还有这本字典)
He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.
他买过一本英汉词典。
现在完成时(二)
定义
表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且将可能一直持续下去。
①The dog has already died for 1 year. (×)
②The dog has been dead since 1 year ago. (√)
这只狗自从1年前已经死了。
③The workers has worked here since last year. (√)
这个工人从去年就已经在这儿工作了。
标志词
①since自从
②for 时间段
③so far到目前为止
④in the past/last 时间段(...years/month/...) 在过去的...里
基本结构
主语 have /has done (延续性V过去分词）
01延续性动词&非延续性动词
（一）延续性动词：
也叫“持续性动词”，表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以长时间延续下去或产生持久的影响。
如：study, work, stand, know, keep,have, wait等。
（二）非延续性动词：
也可以叫“瞬间动词/短暂性动词/终止性动词”，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。
如: begin, buy, die, come, leave,borrow,stop等。
（三）非延续性动词→延续性动词
A. 直接变成延续性V.
borrow/ lend_____
buy_________
get to know________
become______
put on______
catch a cold _______
recieve _________
B. 变成be adj./ adv. /prep....
begin/start________
leave_______
close_______
open_______
finish/ end_______
die_______
marry ______
join__________
fall ill________
fall asleep _____
return/ come back / go back_______
arrive/ come/ go /reach/ get/ move to ___
参考答案
borrow/ lend-keep
buy -have
get to know-know
become-be
put on-wear/be on
catch a cold-have a cold
receive-have
B.
变成be adj./ adv. /prep.....begin/start-be on
leave - be away
close-be closed
open-be open
finish/ end-be over
die-be dead
marry-be married
join-be in / be a member of
fall ill-be ill
fall asleep -be asleep
return/ come back / go back-be backarrive/ come/ go /reach/ get/ move to -be in/at...
02for & since
（一）since
1.since 时间点
He has kept the book since 2021.
他从2021年就已经借了这本书。
2.since 时间段 ago
He has kept the book since 1 years ago.他从一年前就已经借了这本书。
3.since 句子（一般过去时）
He has worked here since he came to Chongqing last year.
他自从和去年来到重庆，就已经在这儿工作了。
（二）for 时间段
如：He has kept the book for 1 year.
他已经借了这本书1年了。
（三）so far
So far there has been no bad news.
到目前为止还没有什么坏消息。
（四） in the last/past 时间段 （... years/months/... ） 在过去的...里
Great changes have taken place in Chongqing in the past 10 years.
在过去的10年里，重庆已经发生了天翻地覆的变化。
（五）提问都用How long.
如：He has kept the book for 1 year. (对划线部分提问)
How long has he kept the book?
03句型转换
步骤与"现在完成时（一）"一致。
（一）示例：
1.
肯定句：
The boy has been away for 10 minutes.
否定句：
The boy hasn't been away for 10 minutes.
一般疑问句：
Has the boy been away for 10 minuntes?
肯定回答：Yes, he has.
否定回答：No, he hasn't.
特殊疑问句：（对划线部分提问）
How long has he been away?
2.
肯定句：
I have worked in the factory since last year.
否定句：
I haven't worked in the factory since last year.
一般疑问句：
Have you worked in the factory since last year?
肯定回答：Yes, I have.
否定回答：No, I haven't.
特殊疑问句：（对划线部分提问）
Where have worked since last year?
（二）结构总结:
