雅思分数听力对照表academy,雅思听力分数对照表最新

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笔者平时主要教授雅思精高段的听力和口语两门课程,在教研过程中往往发现speaking和listening的备考过程其实是不能够完全独立开的,两项科目的特点注定了其备考“你中有我,我中有你”、“相互借鉴、相互促进”的关系。经过与朗阁海外考试研究中心的各位“大牛”们的讨论切磋后,笔者将在本文中从“音”和“材”这两个方面为广大烤鸭们分析一下这两科备考学习的“相通点”。

一、“音”--发音特点形异神同

首先,不管是听力还是口语都对发音有所要求。大家来回顾一下Speaking四大评分标准中的第一条:Fluency and Coherence, 具体包括很重要的一点就是“use of connectives(连词的使用)”。口语中连词的使用会使得表达更加的连贯流畅,但是在具体的实践中很多考生的实际情况却是:一开口就什么都忘记了,更别提在句子的起承转合中正确地运用连词了。另一方面,听力考试,尤其是Section 3和Section 4中也会大量使用连接词,这些连词不仅仅使文章表达通顺富有层次和逻辑性,同时更是考生听题寻找答案的关键定位词。那么,对于听力材料多做跟读和精听,扩展连接词汇量,熟记对应用法,这样在口语对话中自然会灵活地使用各种连词,表达将会更加顺畅、地道。这里以听力材料为例做具体讲述:

Cambridge 11-Test 1-Section 4 (Ocean Biodiversity) Questions 39-40:

Recommendations to retain ocean biodiversity

lIncrease the number of ocean reserves

lEstablish 39________corridors (e.g. For turtles)

lReduce fishing quotas

lCatch fish only for the purpose of 40_______

对于看到这两个空,首先要注意的就是这并列的四点对应的原文中肯定会出现并列连词,那么只需有目的地听每一点前面的连接词就可以轻松定位到具体的句子了。我们来看一下详细原文:“So finally, what can be done to retain the diversity of species in the world’s oceans? Firstly, we need to set up more reserves....we have some, but not enough. In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles... We need to create corridors for migration, so they can get from one area to another safely. As well as this, actions need to.... And finally, there’s the problem of “by-catch”,...”

这段文字中使用了大量的连接词,“Firstly”、“In addition”、“As well as this”、“And finally”四个连词分别清晰简明地对应到如题目中四个概括性的句子,清楚阐释了小标题对应的四种维持海洋物种多样性的方法,一目了然。同样的道理,熟记了这些连词以及对应的用法,在口语中正确地运用出来不也是能够让自己的表达提高流畅性,让考官准确、清楚地“get”到自己的点吗?

这里,举一个口语Part 3的例子“Why do you think documentary films are not so popular?” 然后课上同学给出答案如下“There're several reasons, documentary films are traditionally produced to educate very limited audience, students mainly, and teenagers are easily distracted since there aren’t many fascinating plots, they tend to choose action movies instead of documentaries, and documentary films usually employ limited ways to publicise themselves which is also one cause.”

这里学生给到了好几种原因,但是看着却总有一种逻辑不清的感觉,其中一点原因就是连词使用的缺失,答案中除了最基础的“and”和一个解释原因的“since”就没有其他的连词出现,让人抓不清点。那么来看下加了连词修改过后的版本:“There're several reasons, firsty, documentary films are traditionally produced to educate very limited audience, students mainly, as well as this, teenagers are easily distracted since there aren’t many fascinating plots, that way, they tend to choose action movies instead of documentaries, and finally, documentary films usually employ rather limited ways to publicise themselves which is also add to the unpopularity of documentaries.” 怎么样,是不是瞬间比上面的答案更加清楚、主次分明了呢?唯一的不同只是增加了一点听力材料中常出现的连词而已。

下表列举了一些常见的听力和口语的高频连词供大家参考:

递进

Moreover/in addition/what’s more/furthermore/besides/also/then

转折

However/nevertheless/on the other hand/while/whereas/instead of

层次

First...second...finally/firstly...secondly...then...finally

列举

E.g./for example/for instance/such as/namely

强调

In fact/indeed/actually/as a matter of fact/obviously/apparently

比较/对比

Like/similarly/likewise/in the same way/equally/by contrast/while/whereas

时间先后

Later (on)/next/ then/finally/at last/meanwhile/from then on/immediately

因果

Due to/for this reason/thanks to/ because(of)/as/ for/since/owing to

As a result/thus/hence/so/therefore/accordingly/as a consequence

总结

All in all/in conclusion/in other word

另外一点要说的就是口语评分标准的“Pronunciation”一项,具体表现为“word stress”、“sentence stress”、“intonation”以及“continuation”几个方面。不管是听还是自己讲很多考生们永远搞不清楚一些类似元音的区分和单词不同词性的重音区别,更别提在这个基础上扩展连读和吞音的技巧了。

先看几个简单的口语发音练习的例子:

元音的区分:

Agree [?0?5'gri?0?9]--angry ['æ?0?7gr?0?1]

Soup [su?0?9p]--soap [s?0?5?0?3p]

Poor [p?0?3?0?5]--pour [p?0?0?0?9]

重音的区分:

Academic [æk?0?5'dem?0?1k]--academy [?0?5'kæd?0?5m?0?1]

Economic [,i?0?9k?0?5'n?0?8m?0?1k]--economy [?0?1'k?0?8n?0?5m?0?1]

Industrial [?0?1n'd?0?5str?0?1?0?5l]--industry ['?0?1nd?0?5str?0?1]

Record、increase、survey、research--n./v. (同一个词名词词性下的重音读音在第一个音节,动词词性下其重音通常在第二个音节)

尤其是重音的区分,许多考生在口语中基本采取“抓瞎”式读法--想到什么读什么,或者不论词性怎样通通一个读音千篇一律。正是因为如此speaking在发音上的分数总是迟迟提不上来,同时在听力练习的辨识关键词中也是困扰重重。

如Cambridge 5-Test 2-Section 4讲Antarctica的笔记填空Q38对应的原文内容中出现了一句“with this general field, surveying changes in the volume and stability of the ice-cap is vital, since......” 这里出现了survey的动词现在进行时的形式意为“测量、测算”,但是大部分考生不熟悉这个词性的发音,从而导致对整个句子的理解出现误差。

又如,Cambridge 10-Test 1-Section 4海外版练习中Q34考查了surveys名词复数形式的拼写,大部分考生定位到这个词却偏偏填了“service”或者“surface”,这恰恰就是因为混淆了元音的发音而导致听力的听写错误。

比较让人头痛的就是连读和吞音了。第一点要了解的是连读一般是在相关的一组词中,词尾的辅音与词首的元音连在一起读。如口语中最常见的:take a look at it连读后为taka-looka-tat。

类似考点在听力中也是层出不穷,真题中出现频率最高的是“L” 元音的连读,比如:

Cambridge 9--Test 4--Section 1表格题的Question 10, 问的是讲座的notes对应的内容 for all_____

只看录音原文的话也非常简单“it also says the talk is suitable for all ages”, 但具体朗读的时候all ages出现了连读,听起来是al-lages, 导致很多考生们听的一脸懵。

又如,Cambridge 8-Test 4-Section 1 Question 4: A ____ is provided in the hotel.

在听力原文中是这样说的:You can get a meal in the hotel if you want to. 其中meal和in两个单词就连读了,有的学生硬生生地听成了million。这其中L的发音只强调一个舌位,只需要把舌头翘上去,舌尖顶着上牙发/?0?5/的音就行了。当舌头还没下来,下一个音节就已经发出,那么舌头接着下来,连读自然而然的就出来了。

对于这一点,朗阁海外考试研究中心的老师敦促各位考生要口耳并用,学以致用。精听listening原声的同时也要认真跟读、熟记,从而将这个发音特点和技巧纯熟地运用到口语表达中去。

二、“材”--他山之石可以攻玉

更进一步分析还会发现,听力和口语在内容素材上还存在着“千丝万缕”的联系。口语课上很多烤鸭在准备Part 2和Part 3的素材上总是愁眉苦脸地搜肠刮肚、言之无物。这时候,何不回归考试本身,尝试着活学活用,细看听力材料会发现这其实就是一个丰富的口语素材库啊!这里我们从两方面来分析听力素材库具体在口语中的应用。

1. 场景词汇的补充和替换

考生们在雅思口语的备考中总是购买一本又一本的词汇书,殊不知这算是缘木求鱼,真正实用高级的词汇就在手边。举一个最简单的例子:口语中经常会讲到“许多、各种各样”的意思,尽管背诵和掌握了大量的词汇,但几乎所有的考生脱口而出的还是“many、a lot of”, 这是因为单词书是把词汇和使用的context(语境)隔离开了,没有发音、没有用法甚至也没有切实可用的例句。有的只是单词后面跟着一句干巴巴不晓得从哪个名家巨著的文章里拉过来的一句冷僻晦涩的例句,读完之后依旧不懂如何使用。但是听力材料里面经常频繁出现的两个短语就很好用“a variety of”、“the whole range of”--既显得高大上,同时又非常实用自然“接地气”。

下面笔者整理了一些听力中出现的词汇以及对应到口语topic场景词汇的补充和替换:

替换

Many/a lot of

Plenty/a variety of/the whole range of/various of

Way

Means/method/approach

Build

Construct/construction/building

Very much

Considerably/significantly/dramatically/to a great extent

Disadvantage

Weakness/drawback/shortcoming/negative/flaw(ed)

Important

Significant/essential/crucial/vital/critical

Company

Business/corporate/enterprise/organisation/firm

补充

Taste

Sourness/sweetness/bitterness/saltiness/nutritious

Nutrition

Protein/sugars/minerals/fat/carbohydrates

Business

procedures/specialised departments/expert(ise)/fixed costs/ overheads/ leadership/self-employed/competition

Building

Floor/storey/architect/sloping wall/a layer of/internal mirrors/concrete/ energy-efficient/environmental-friendly

Gym

Well-equipped/Olympic-sized/open-air experience/recently refurbished

Animal-protection

Ecology/conservation/soil erosion/endangered/habitat/co-exist/intact

Bear

White coat/snowy fur/reserve

当然,这里只是给出了几个例子,真正把听力材料做熟了会发现处处都是口语词汇!

2. 思路的拓展

这一点主要针对听力材料对于口语Part 2和Part 3两项提供更广泛的答题思路。举一个口语Part 2的例子:描述建筑物--对于这一类的话题很多同学看到的第一个想法就是“这个有什么好说的啊!没什么可讲的啊!”,但是在听力真题练习中不少材料就为这个话题提供了丰富的词汇和拓展思路的角度。比如Cambridge10-Test 2-Section 4关于“design a public building”一篇材料中的Q31-Q33:

lFunction

lPhysical and ____ context

lSymbolic meaning

Location and concept of the Concert Hall

lOn the site of a disused ____

lBeside a ______

从这里就可以得到启发,描述建筑的时候除了基本的名字信息、位置地点以外还可以适当地补充下该建筑的功能、社会意义以及象征性概念等等。

口语Part 2最近有一个常常考到的话题“Describe a popular place where people like to go swimming”, 这个同样可以在Listening练习Cambridge 10-Test 1-Section 2的题目中参考一二:“Our great asset is probably our swimming pool at 25 metres isn’t Olympic-sized, but now we’ve expanded it to 8 lanes, it’s much wider. This means there are rarely more than a couple of people at a time in each lane....the glass roofon the swimming pool is partly retractable, which means you can enjoy something of the open-air experience on warmer days.”这段话中对泳池的重要性、具体泳道数量、可收缩玻璃屋顶等等分别做了详细介绍,为学生们在回答同类口语话题时提供了不错的思路和句型。

再举一个Part 3的例子:More and more people are coming overweight nowadays, what do you think might be the cause of this?

这里可以联系Listening练习Cambridge 10-Test 1-Section 4的一开头“we are all aware of the obesity epidemic facing our society, the reasons for this are well-documented, and are mainly due to poor eating habits coupled with too little exercise.” 这里直接对于肥胖症造成的原因做了解答,就可以用到口语overweight原因的回答中,放在句首,后面再做具体回答。像是里面的“well-documented”、“coupled with”等词语都可以直接应用到自己的回复中去。

这篇文章的目的就是向大家说明在雅思学习备考中不管是烤鸭们还是老师们都不应该把二者完全的分离开,“音”、“材”两个方面都可以相互参考、相互提升,前提就是要充分熟悉和利用好手上现有的听力和口语的材料,才能做到融会贯通、事半功倍。

雅思分数听力对照表academy,雅思听力分数对照表最新(1)

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