Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.
在许多领域，开放数据共享仍然是少数。尽管许多研究人员大体上赞同公开获取原始数据会加快科学研究，但大多数人不愿在网上公布自己的研究成果。
1.raw
这里的raw表示【未经处理的；未经分析的；原始的】，not yet organized into a form in which it can be easily used or understood 。
raw data就是原始数据。
拓展*1：秋天来了，那离冬天还会远吗？冬天好冷啊，或a wet raw winter 寒冷潮湿的冬天。今年要买一件羽绒服来抵御寒风了。那寒风怎么说呢？a raw wind 寒冷的风。raw也可以用来形容天气，表示【寒冷的；严寒的】。
2.labour
这里表示【劳动成果】，The work done by a group of workers or by a particular worker is referred to as their labour .
Every man should receive a fair price for the product of his labour.每个人的劳动成果都应该获得合理的回报。
拓展*1：此外，名词【分娩】也是labour。
Some women prefer to move about during labour.有些女人喜欢在分娩期间下床走动。
妻子分娩后
拓展*2：labour作为动词可以表示 【努力做（困难的事）】，to try very hard to do sth difficult。
I laboured for months to pass the postgraduate entrance exam.我为考上研究生奋斗了好几个月。
Some communities have agreed to share online — geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository( 库 ), and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects---but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.
一些科学团体已经同意在网上共享——例如,遗传学家在GenBank 数据库上发布DNA序列，天文学家习惯从斯隆数字巡天(一台已观测到约5亿个实体的望远镜)等地方获取星系和恒星图片---但这些仍不常见，并非普遍情况。历史上，科学家们反对共享的原因颇多:这是一项庞大工作;直到最近才出现高质量的数据库;基金资助方并未敦促共享;对“格式化数据的标准”难以达成一致;对“数据如何归功”也没有统一的方式。
1. accustom to doing/n. 习惯于
记住，这里的to是介词，不是做目的状语。
My brother soon gets accustom to dormitory life and make two or three friend.
我弟弟不久就逐渐习惯了宿舍的生活并交了两三个朋友。
2.telescope
拓展*1：这个单词除了名词【望远镜】之外还可以做动词，表示【缩短，精简，压缩（成…）】to reduce sth so that it happens in less time
常用词组 telescope sth into sth
Three episodes have been telescoped into a single programme. 三集的内容被浓缩成了一个单独的节目。
3.remain the exception 仍不常见
4.object to doing/n. 反对
这里to也是介词。
I object to having midnight snack.我不吃夜宵。
5.assign for 分配给
It's difficult to assign any reason for the failure. 失败的原因很难确定。
But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “ shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve ” . Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.
但是这些障碍正在消失，部分因为全球期刊和资助机构都在鼓励科学家将其数据公开。去年，伦敦皇家学会在其报告中称，科学家们需要“改变‘数据被视作私有品’的研究文化”。资助机构指出，以公共资金付给的数据应为公共信息;科学界也逐渐意识到，现在数据能够以过去不可能实现的方式进行数字化共享。为满足日益增长的数据共享需求，各种服务相继涌现，使得在线发表研究成果更容易，也使得其他研究人员能够发现并引用它们。
1.shift away from 把…移走；搬走
The report did note encouraging signs of a shift away from the high spend culture.
报告也确实注意到令人鼓舞的改变高消费文化迹象。
2.be viewed as 被认为；认为…是…；把…看作…
Sugar and milk are viewd as the biggest culprit of acne. 糖和牛奶是引发痘痘的最大元凶。
3.spring up 冒出; 涌出
过去式 sprang或sprung；过去分词 sprung
The development of "we media" has sprung up many web celebritys. 自媒体的发展催生出了许多网红。
Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic(利 他 的 ). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers 一 those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often---get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “ I ’ d much prefer to my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions, ” she says. important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results.Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible. ”
国对数据共享的呼声尽管常常聚焦于共享的道德益处，但这种做法也并非纯粹利他。共享数据的研究者会获得诸多个人利益，其中包括:增进与同事的联系、提升个人的关注度以及增加被引用的次数。最成功的共享者一那些数据被下载、被引用最频繁的人会引人注 目，他们的 研究成果会为人所用。例如，多学科数据库Dryad上最受欢迎的数据集之一是关于世界各地木材密度的数据;它已被下载5700次。合著者艾米.扎内认为，使用者很可能涵盖从想要估算生物量中碳储存量的气候变化研究者到寻求不同等级木材信息的林务员。“我更希望我的数据为最大数量的人所用，去提出他们自己的问题，”她说。“让读者和审阅者确切地看到你如何得出结论是很重要的。发表数据和编码使你的研究得以复制。”
1.visibility
【可见性；明显性】the fact or state of being easy to see
The advertisements were intended to increase the company's visibility in the marketplace (= to make people more aware of their products and services). 那些广告旨在使这家公司在市场中更加引人注目。
2.multidisciplinary adj. /ˌmʌltidɪsəˈplɪnəri/
【（涉及）多门学科的】involving several different subjects of study
a multidisciplinary course 涉及多个学科的课程
3.repository n./rɪˈpɒzətri/
这里表 【仓库；贮藏室；存放处】
multidisciplinary repository 多学科数据库
拓展*1：除此之外，还可表示【学识渊博的人；智囊；知识宝典】a person or book that is full of information
Museums are great repositories of mankind's historical artifacts and achievements in art.
博物馆是人类历史文物及艺术成就的伟大宝库.
4.range from a to b 范围；从……到……都有
Courses range from accounting to computing.
课程从会计学到计算机应用都有。
5.biomass
【生物量（以生境面积或容积表示）】 the total quantity or weight of plants and animals in a particular area or volume
6.forester 这里表示【护林人】。
西伯利亚野生森林
辨析*1：foster /ˈfɒstə(r)/
【促进；助长；培养；鼓励】 to encourage sth to develop
The club's aim is to foster better relations within the community. 俱乐部的宗旨是促进团体内部的关系。
拓展1.1：【 代养，抚育，照料（他人子女一段时间）】 to take another person's child into your home for a period of time, without becoming his or her legal parents
They have fostered over 60 children during the past ten years. 在过去十年间，他们抚育了60多个儿童。
Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.
7.timber, wood, log这三个单词都表示“木头”，那三者的区别在哪里？
timber： 指经过匠人初步加工的备用木材，多用于英国英语。
wood： 最普通用词，含义广，除表示"木材，木"外，还可用复数形式表示森林。
log： 指原木或圆木。
8.reproducible /ˌriːprəˈdjuːsəbl/ 【可复写的】
Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.
就连数据不那么受欢迎的人也能受益。通过努力整理并标注文件使他人能够理解它们，科学家自身变得更具条理、更善自律,从而得以避免日后的混淆。
1.label
【贴标签；用标签标明】 to fix a label on sth or write information on sth
My grandfather carefully labelled each item with the benefactor and the date. 我爷爷仔细地把每件物品用标签标明赠送人和日期。
2.disciplined adj.【受过训练的; 遵守纪律的】
She's extraordinarily disciplined. 她特别遵守纪律。
拓展*1：discipline 【训练；训导；管教】to train sb, especially a child, to obey particular rules and control the way they behave
a guide to the best ways of disciplining your child 管教子女最佳方法指南
