一、定义
名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类
1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词
如：john is a student
student是普通名词，john是专有名词
普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。
2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3. 专有名词
专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数
1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词
不可数名词——数不清（没有复数）
drink milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge
food rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings
2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式
many 可数名词复数
much/a little 不可数名词
some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰
不可数名词 数词 量词 of 名词
对可数名词的数量提问用how many
对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much
4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：
1） some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
I’ll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。
we should collect some useful information我们应该收集一些有用的消息。
2） 用单位词表示。
用a ... of 表示。
如 a cup of （ 一杯......），a bottle of （一瓶......）
a piece of （ 一张......），a pair of shoes（一双鞋）
如two cups of tea（两杯茶）,five pieces of paper（五张纸）
注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式；千、百等数词与名词加用，表示复数时，数词仍保持单数，名词变复数。
如two hundred students（200名学生）
ten thousand trees（10000棵树）
测试点he caught a lot of fish他抓到了许多鱼（此处为许多条鱼，fish的复数仍为fish或fishes）
=he caught a lot of fishes.
the paper is about some fresh-water fishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的。（此处fish表示不同种类的鱼，加复数词尾-es）
5、可数名词分为单数和复数。
名词单数就是该词本身，在其前面加a或an。
1）单数
如a desk（一张桌子）
an old desk（一张旧书桌）
2）复数：要表示一个以上概念时，要用名词复数形式
规则变化
1）一般情况下加-s
如book--books（书） desk--desks（书桌）
2）以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es
如box--boxes（盒子） bus--buses(公共汽车)
注意①以 th 结尾加-s, month--months
②stomach--stomachs
3)以辅音字母 结尾，变y为i再加- es。
如city--cities(城市) country--countries(国家)
注意以元音 y，直接加s。如：day--days(天)，boy--boys(男孩)
4)以f或fe结尾，复数变f或 fe 为v再加-es
如knife-knives(书) , half-halves(一半)
(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)
注意①有少数词后直接加s，如roof-roofs (屋顶)
5)以o结尾
(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es
如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)
potato-potatoes(土豆)
(2) 元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s
如piano-pianos (钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园)
photo-photos (照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)
kilo-kilos(千克)
注意zero 两种方式都可：zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)
不规则变化
1) 元音字母发变化。
如man--men(男人) ， woman--women(妇女)
tooth--teeth(牙齿) ， foot--feet(脚)
mouse--mice(老鼠) ， policeman--policemen(警察)
policewoman--policewomen(女警察)
2) 词尾发生变化。
如child--children(小孩) ， ox--oxen(公牛)
3) 单、复数形式相同。
如fish--fish(鱼) ，sheep--sheep(绵羊) ，deer--deer(鹿) ，Chinese--Chinese(中国人) ，Yuan--Yuan(元) ，jinn--jinn(斤)
注意 不说an English，要说an Englishman.
①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。
②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。
4) 形似单数，实为复数意义。
如people(人，人们)these people
(不说a people，可说a person)
police(公安，警察)ten police
(不说a police，可说a policeman)
5) 由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。
如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)
a woman doctor-women doctors (女医生)
6) 合成名词变为复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。
如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)
bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机)
注意如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上加-s。如：
grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)
letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱)
注意①hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果，则需用这两个词的复数形式。
如would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果？
we bought a lot of fruit from the market. 我们从市场上买了许多水果，
china has some good frits. 中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)
she has a few white hairs. 她有几要白头发。
his black hair is going white. 他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。
注意②wind ,snow和rain这类词，有时也可以有复数形式，表示多次的风、雪或雨。
注意以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时，一般只把后一名词变成复数。
如 boy student-boy students(男学生)
girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)
7) 有些名词只有作复数。
如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天平)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)
名词 man(woman)构成的复合名词，其复数形式通常与简单名词一样，即把man(woman)改成men(women)。
如Englishman--Englishmen(英国人)
Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen(法国妇女)
注意German不是复合词，它的复数是Germans。
常用口诀
表示民族的名词顺口溜
（1）“中、日、瑞”友好是一致。
（2）“英、法”联盟a变e。
（3）其他一律加s 即Chinese，Japanese单复数同形；Englishman，Frenchman的复数为Englishmen，Frenchmen；其他像German，American，Australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s”。
o结尾的名词顺口溜
1）有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时，词尾加es，凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时，词尾加s。
有生命：potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes, negro--negroes
如无生命：zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo（竹竿）--bamboos, tobacco（烟丝）--tobaccos1）
2）两人两菜一火山。（ es）
小学—中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时，加es的只有negro（黑人），hero（英雄），potato（土豆），tomato（西红杮），volcano（火山），这就是“两人两菜一火山”。
或：黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿Negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes）
2）其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。
图景：你在“zoo”里，看见一要“bamboo”，上面挂着一张“photo”，所照的是一架“piano”，上面放着一台“radio”。
zoo-zoos , bamboo-bamboos ,photo-photos piano-pianos, radio-radios.
f、fe结尾的顺口溜
（1）以f(e)结尾的名词变为复数时，有的把f(e)改为v(e)再加s，其他的以“f(e)”结尾的名词则直接加“s”。
妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；
躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 wife（妻子），knife（刀子），wolf（狼）thief（小偷），shelf（架子），life（生命）leaf（树叶），self（自己），half（一半），这9个名词变复数时，都要改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。
(2)以f结尾的名词，一般把把f改为ves，但也有特殊情况是直接加-s的，
如gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief。编成口诀联想：
海湾边、屋顶上，首领农仆相望；
谁说他们无信仰，语气定在手帕上
巧记不规则名词单变复
男女脚步牙鹅，老鼠加虱婆。
man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice.
- 掌握名词的分类
- 掌握可数名词单数变复数的规则
1. The __ in our yard are very beautiful.
A. cloth B. water C. flowers
解析：Be 动词使用了are 所以前面的名词为复数，AB为不可数，故选择C
2. Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.
A. boy B. boys C. boies
解析;one of 名词复数 ，boy 是元音加y 故选择B
3. A cat has four ____ , doesn't it?
A. foots B. feet C. feet
解析foot 属于特殊变形 feet 故选择B
4. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.
A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Janpaneses
解析：根据口诀中日不变英法变其余S加后边，故选择B
5. Can you see nine ____ in the picture?
A. fish B. book C. horse
解析：nine 后边为复数名词排除bc，故选择a
6. The _____ has two______.
A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch
解析：has 前主语为单数，two 后为复数，故选择B
7. The _____ are flying back to their country.
A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans
解析：根据口诀中日不变英法变其余S加后边，故选择c
A部分
- 写出下列名词的复数形式
1.computer ____________ 2.apple ____________ 3.city ______________
4.house _____________ 5.sheep ____________ 6.watch ______________
7.tomato _____________ 8.child _____________ 9.tooth _____________
10.foot ______________ 11.wife _____________ 12.potato _______ _____
B部分
二．选择填空
1．There are two ______ in the room.
A. Chineses B. Englishman
2.The old man will have ___________ out.
A. two tooths B. two teeth
3. ____________ are sold in this bookstore.
A. Children’s books B. Children books
4. Some friends of _________ will come here.
A. John’s B. John
5. Can you give me ______________?
A. some papers B. a piece of paper
6.There are ______________ on the floor.
A. some box B. some boxes
BBAABB
C部分
阅读理解，根据短文回答下面的问题。
(A)
Kate, Bob, Rose and Li Jun are friends. They are in same class. Kate is twelve. She is from England. She has long blond hair and blue eyes. Bob is twelve, too. He is from Canada. 1.He has short brown hair and grey eyes. Rose is thirteen. 2.She is from the U.S.A. She has long brown hair and blue eyes. 3.李俊13岁。He’s a Chinese boy. He has short black hair and two big black eyes. One day, they put their coats in a bag.
The coats are brown, green, red and black. The boys don’t like red coats and the girls don’t like black coats. Bob can’t find his coat. It isn’t green. Li Jun says,“ My coat is brown. ”
根据短文内容，完成下面问题。
1．What does Kate look like?
2. 1部分的汉语是什么意思？
3．你能把 2部分变成一个一般疑问句吗？
4．3部分用英语怎么说？
5．请你帮助Bob找到衣服，他的衣服是什么颜色的？
His coat is ____________.
(B )
Mary is an English girl, but she is in Canada now. She is six years old. Her mother says to her,” You’re six and you’ll start to school here. You will like the school, because it’s a good school.” “Is it an English school?” Mary asks. “Yes, it is” Her mother tells her.
She goes to school. The teachers are very friendly to her and speak good English. They like her and her classmates like her.She likes them very much ,too. She’s a happy girl.
( )1.Mary is now in _________.
A. Japan B. England C.Canada D.English
( )2.How old is she?
A. Seven B. Six C.Five D. Twelve
( )3.Is Mary an English girl or a Chinese girl?
A. She’s a Chinese girl. B. She’s an English boy.
C. She’s an English girl. D.He’s an English girl.
( )4.How are her teachers?
A. They ’re happy. B. They’re tall.
C. They have big eyes. D. They’re friendly.
( )5.Does Mary like the school?
A. No, she does. B.Yes, she does.
C. Yes, she doesn’t D. No, she doesn’t.
CBCDB
按要求填入单词的适当形式
1．Two________ live in this building. (family)
2．Look at those _______. (child)
3．I can see a ________ standing near the door. (policeman)
4．There are some ________ on the table. (glass)
5．Would you like some ________? (bread)
6．I have two ________. (sister)
7．I like ________. (cat)
8．Do you want some ________ for supper? (potato)
9．He has two ________. One is old , the other is new .(watch)
10．In autumn , you can see a lot of ________ on the ground. (leaf)
将下列句子变成复数形式
1．This is a knife. _________________________________________
2．That is a tomato. _________________________________________
3．I have a wish. _________________________________________
4．That child is very lovely. ___________________________________
5．An Englishman stood there. __________________________________
选用下列正确的单词或词组，在正确的选项上打√
1．Do you drink much (milk, milks)?
2．He had two (cup ,cups) of tea.
3．I don't want (a, an) old cap.
4．Look at those (sheep, sheeps ).
5．How many (radioes , radios ) can you see?
6．There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.
阅读理解， 根据短文内容判断正（T）误(F)。（10分）
It's Sunday morning. The students of Class 3 are giving their classroom a good cleaning.
Miss Huang, their teacher, is working with them. The children are busy. Some are carrying water; some are cleaning the windows; others are sweeping the floor. Zhang Hua is putting up a map on the wall. It is a map of China. Wang Fei and Wei Qing are mending some broken chairs. The children are listening to the radio while they are working. The classroom looks nice and bright after the cleaning. The children are very happy. They go home for lunch at noon.
( ) 1. The children are playing in their classroom on Sunday morning.
( ) 2. Miss Huang, their mother, is working with them.
( ) 3. There is a map of China on the wall.
( ) 4. Two of them are repairing the broken chairs.
( ) 5. They are singing while they are working.
F F T T F
选择正确答案。
Jack is a teacher of English. He is not young，but he is not old. He has a round face and black hair. He is tall. There are fifty students in his class. They all like him.
Now it's in the afternoon. Look，some students are working in the classroom. Jack is there，too. He is helping them to study English. He is a good teacher，and he is a good friend of them all.
( )1. What does Jack do?
A. He is a worker. B. He is a teacher. C. He is a doctor. D. He's a nurse.
( )2. What colour is his hair?
A. It's black. B. His hair is white. C. It is brown. D. He has yellow hair.
( )3. How many students are there in his class?
A. There are fifteen students in his class. B. There's fifty.
C. He has fifty. D. There're fifty in it.
( )4. Jack is a good teacher，isn't he?
A. Yes，he isn't. B. No，he is. C. Yes，he's. D. Yes，he is.
( )5. What are the students doing in the classroom?
A. They are walking there. B. They are doing their lessons.
C. They are helping their teacher. D. They are good friends of Jack.
BADDB
