The new FDA study enrolled 24 healthy volunteers who were randomly assigned to a spray or lotion sunscreen that contained avobenzone, oxybenzone or octocrylene as ingredients or a crème sunscreen that contained the chemical ecamsule.
食品和药物管理局的这项新研究招募了24名健康的志愿者，随机让他们使用含有阿伏苯宗、氧苯酮或奥克立林的防晒喷雾或防晒乳液，或使用含有依茨舒的防晒霜。
The volunteers were asked to put their assigned sunscreen on 75% of their bodies four times each day for four days. Thirty blood samples were taken from each volunteer over seven days.
志愿者被要求将指定的防晒霜涂在身体四分之三的皮肤上，每天涂四次，连续涂四天。在七天时间内，研究人员从每名志愿者身上抽取30份血样。
Of the six people using the ecamsule cream, five had levels of the chemical in their blood considered statistically significant by the end of day one. For the other three chemicals, especially oxybenzone, all of the volunteers showed significant levels after the first day.
使用含有依茨舒的防晒霜的6个人当中，有5个人的血液中所含的化学成分在使用一天后显著增加。至于其他三种化学成分，尤其是氧苯酮，所有志愿者在使用一天后血液中的化学成分显著增加。
"Looking through the results tables of the study, one thing about oxybenzone stood out," Andrews said. "Oxybenzone was absorbed into the body at about 50 to 100 times higher concentration than any of these other three chemicals they tested."
安德鲁斯说：“研究结果显示，氧苯酮被人体吸收的浓度比测试的其他三种化合物中的任何一种高出50到100倍。”
In 2008, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed urine samples collected by a government study and found oxybenzone in 97% of the samples. Since then, studies have shown a potential link between oxybenzone and lower testosterone levels in adolescent boys, hormone changes in men, and shorter pregnancies and disrupted birth weights in babies.
2008年，美国疾病控制和预防中心分析了一项政府研究中收集的尿样，并在97%的尿样中发现了氧苯酮。之后的研究显示出氧苯酮和青春期男孩的睾酮浓度偏低、男性荷尔蒙变化、孕期缩短和婴儿出生体重不正常有潜在联系。
Of all of the sunscreen ingredients, oxybenzone is known to be the most common cause of contact allergies; a 10-year study found that 70% of people had a positive patch test when exposed.
在所有防晒霜成分中，氧苯酮是接触性过敏的最常见诱因。长达十年的研究发现，70%的人接触氧苯酮后在过敏源测试中结果呈阳性。
A Swiss study found oxybenzone or one of four other sunscreen chemicals in 85% of breast milk samples, sparking concern that newborns could be exposed.
瑞士的一项研究发现，85%的母乳样本中含有氧苯酮或其他四种防晒霜化合物的其中一种，这让人们担忧新生儿可能也吸收了这些物质。
And Hawaii, the Pacific nation of Palau and Key West recently banned sunscreens containing oxybenzone and octinoxate because they cause coral bleaching and are dangerous to marine ecosystems.
此外，夏威夷、太平洋岛国帕劳和基维斯特最近都禁止使用含有氧苯酮和桂皮酸盐的防晒霜，因为这些成分导致珊瑚白化，危及海洋生态系统。
coral bleaching:珊瑚白化
So, should you stop using sunscreen? Absolutely not, experts say.
那么你是否应该停用防晒霜呢？专家说，绝对不行。
"The sun is the real enemy here," said Scott Faber, senior vice president for government affairs at the Environmental Working Group, or EWG, an advocacy group that publishes a yearly guide on sunscreens.
环境工作组的政府事务高级副总裁斯科特·法伯说：“烈日才是真正的敌人。”环境工作组是一个宣传组织，每年都会发布关于防晒霜的指南。
"It's not news that things that you put on your skin are absorbed into the body," Faber said. "This study is the FDA's way of showing sunscreen manufacturers they need to do the studies to see if chemical absorption poses health risks."
法伯说：“涂在皮肤上的东西会被人体吸收，这并不是新闻。这项研究是食品和药物管理局在告诉防晒霜制造商，他们需要通过研究来确定这些被人体吸收的化学物质会不会对健康造成危害。”
