今天讲的主词是动词recognize，其衍生词包括其名词形式recognition，形容词形式recognizable，由其-ed分词转换而来的形容词recognized及其反义词unrecognized。
一、动词 recognize
1、单词的拼读：这个单词的读音是/ˈre kəɡ naɪz/，其读音分为三部分进行拼读re/cog/nize，在第一个音节re中，只有一个元音字母e，所以，发它的短音/e/；在第二个音节cog中，c发/k/，o发不规则短音/ə/，这也是五个元音最常见的不规则发音，g的后面没有元音字母，所以，g的发音是/g/；在第三个音节nize中，因为有两个元音，其发音规律是第二个元音（e）不发音，第一个元音（i）发它的本音，也就是在字母表中的读音（aɪ）。
2、动词的类别
动词 recognize有三个具体不同的语义，但是，这三个不同的语义都是单宾语及物动词的表达方式，也就是说，动词 recognize构成的句型都是“主语 动词 宾语”的主动宾句型。
动词 recognize三个不同的语义分别是：
（一）认出、分辨出、识别出
作为这一语义的时候，其宾语通常只能是某人或某物，而不可能是某事。例如：
（1）据说，宇航员们在太空中，用裸眼就能分辨出中国的长城。
It is said that the astronauts could recognize the Great Wall of China from space by naked eye.
（2）有时候，你很难立刻认出很久没见面的朋友。
Sometimes, it's really not easy to recognize a friend immediately if you have not met him for a very long time.
（3）你能听出这是哪首歌来吗？Do you recognize this song?
（4）No two mammals produce the same scent. For instance, as we all know, dogs recognize each other via smell. 没有两种哺乳动物产生相同的气味。例如，众所周知，狗通过嗅觉识别彼此。
（5）It may be quite easy to identify the first stage for stone tools because stone quarries can often be recognized by deep holes in the ground with piles of associated waste flakes that survive well. 确定石器工具的第一阶段可能很容易，因为石料采石场通常可以通过地面上的深孔及其成堆的保存良好的相关废屑来识别。
（二）意识到、认识到、承认
作为这一语义的时候，其宾语通常只能是某事，所以，经常都是that引导的宾语从句，例如：
（1）He recognized that there were three major kinds: fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls; and he saw that they were related to each other in a logical and gradational sequence.他认识到有三种主要类型：边缘礁、障壁礁和环礁；他发现它们在逻辑和层次上是相互关联的。
（2）Though Hubbell and Johnson were interested in how bee behavior might affect colony distributions, they recognized that the availability of potential nest sites for colonies could also affect distributions. 虽然哈贝尔和约翰逊对蜜蜂行为如何影响蜂群分布感兴趣，但他们认识到蜂群潜在巢址的可用性也会影响分布。
（3）Anaximander is credited with drawing up the first world map of the Greeks and also with recognizing that Earth's surface was curved. 阿纳克西曼德被认为绘制了第一幅希腊世界地图，并认识到地球表面是弯曲的。
（4）The common use of such root plants as the African yam led people to recognize the advantages of growing their own food. 非洲山药等根茎植物的普遍使用使人们意识到自己种植食物的好处。
（5）It seems likely that Teotihuacán’s natural resources, along with the city elite’s ability to recognize their potential, gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors. 似乎特奥蒂瓦坎的自然资源，加上城市精英们能够认识到自身潜力的能力，使该市在与邻国的竞争中具有优势。
（三）认可、赞成、认定
（1）The institution has recognized the importance of the work of Wildman and Niles. 该机构认可了Wildman和Niles工作的重要性。
（2）In 1831 when Smith was finally recognized by the Geological Society of London as the “father of English geology,” it was not only for his maps but also for something even more important. 1831年，当史密斯最终被伦敦地质学会认定为“英国地质学之父”时，这不仅是因为他的地图，更是因为一些更重要的事情。
（3）授予一个人诺贝尔奖是对其成就的认可。Awarding a person a nobel prize is to recognize his/her achievements.
此外，除了“主语 动词 宾语”的句型结构外，recognize还有“主语 动词 宾语1 介词 宾语2”的句型表达方式，此时，与recognize搭配使用的介词是as，recognize A as B，意思可以是把A认成B，认为A是B，认可A是B，例如：
（1）They recognize him as a philosopher. 他们承认他是一位哲学家。或者说，他们认可他是一位哲学家。
（2）The philosophers of Classical Greece recognized it as a defining trait of humans to "delight in works of imitation". 古希腊的哲学家们承认，“喜欢模仿的作品”是人类的一个典型特征。 注意，这个句子中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的to do不定式，to "delight in works of imitation"。
（3）Teotihuacán obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable commodity for many centuries before the great city arose. 在这座伟大的城市诞生之前，特奥蒂瓦坎黑曜石肯定已经被公认为是一种有价值的商品。这个句子就是recognize A as B的被动句，A is recognized as B。
二、名词 recognition
1、单词的读音：名词 recognition的读音是/ˌre kəɡ ˈnɪ ʃən/，注意其中的ti组合的发音是/ʃ/ 。除了ti组合，ci组合的发音也是/ʃ/ ，比如，facial。
2、名词 recognition的语义和动词recognize的语义没有区别，只是因为词性不同，所以，它们的使用方式也不同。我们对于recognition的掌握千万不要停留在就只是知道它是什么意思就可以，一定要熟练地掌握起它和动词recognize在句子中的互换使用。具体可以这样分析：
（1）Somebody recognize sth = the recognition of sth by Somebody
Somebody 认可某事 = Somebody 对某事的认可
（2）Somebody can recognize sth = Somebody have the recognition of sth
Somebody 能识别... = Somebody 具有识别...的能力
（3）Somebody recognize that... = Somebody's recognition that...（that从句做同位语从句） Somebody 承认... = Somebody 对...的承认
（4）Somebody recognize that... = Somebody's recognition is that...（that从句做表语从句） Somebody 承认... = Somebody 的认可是...
第1种和第3种种转换方式，是把句子转换为名词词组，第2种转换方式没有改变句型，但是，表达方式改变了，第4种转换方式是把“主语 动词 宾语”句型的句子，转换为“主语 系动词 表语”句型的句子。这种 由词性转换而带来的句型句式上的转换，能够极大地提高我们思想表达的灵活性，换句话说，就是提高我们的写作能力，帮助我们提高作文的得分。例如：
（1）Scientists have recognized that many modern flora and fauna were present on both sides of the Bering Sea as remnants of the ice-age landscape， which leads to this region being named Beringia. 科学家们认识到许多现代动植物作为冰期景观的遗迹而存在于白令海两侧，因此该地区被命名为白令海。
这句话相当于 → Scientists’ recognition that many modern flora and fauna were present on both sides of the Bering Sea as remnants of the ice-age landscape has led to this region being named Beringia. 原句中的that从句是动词recognize的宾语从句，在转换后的句子中，that从句是名词recognition的同位语从句。
（2）They recognized that the availability of potential nest sites for colonies could also affect distributions.
这句话相当于 → Their recognition is that the availability of potential nest sites for colonies could also affect distributions.
（3）Adults can excellently recognize pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years earlier.
这句话相当于 → Adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years earlier.
（4）He recognized that there were three major kind.
这句话相当于 → He had the recognition that there were three major kind
（5）They recognize him as a philosopher.
这句话可以转换为 → Their recognition of him as a philosopher matters a lot to him. 把原来的句子转换为一个名词词组，从而可以提高转换后的句子的复杂性。
（6）Dogs recognize each other via smell.
这句话相当于 → Dogs’ recognition of each other can be achieved via smell.
（7）The common use of such root plants as the African yam led people to recognize the advantages of growing their own food.
这句话相当于 → The common use of such root plants as the African yam led people to recognition of the advantages of growing their own food.
在英语表达中，如果我们不懂这种词性转换带来的表达的灵活性，我们只能死死地盯着动词使用，然后我们说的句子基本就都是最死板的“主语 动词 宾语”的这种单一的句型表达方式，但是，如果我们懂得并掌握了这种动词和名词之间的转换表达，它能够非常有效地打磨我们头脑中思维的灵活性，提高我们句子的表达的灵活性。
三、形容词 recognizable
形容词 recognizable的语义基本只是由其作为动词的第一种语义转换来的，意思是：可辨认的、可识别的。形容词 recognizable既可以用来修饰名词，也可以作为句子的表语使用。例如：
（1）Such marks may be found isolated or repeated over a particular surface but also scattered across more recognizable forms. 这种标记可能会在特定表面上孤立或重复出现，但也会分散在更易识别的形式上。recognizable forms = forms that are recognizable
（2）The artists strived diligently to make their animal images evocative and realistic because they were attempting to capture the spirit of their prey. What could have prompted their studious attention to making such naturalistic, recognizable images? 艺术家们努力使他们的动物形象具有感染力和现实感，因为他们试图捕捉猎物的灵魂。是什么促使他们刻意关注这些自然主义的、可识别的图像呢？recognizable images = images that are recognizable
四、形容词recognized和unrecognized
形容词recognized是由动词的-ed形式转化而来的，意思是：公认的、认可的、普遍接受的。此时，recognized就是作为一个形容词来使用，只不过这种形容词只能用来修饰名词，不能做句子的表语。它的反义词是unrecognized，不被认可的、不被接受的，也是作为形容词来使用。例如：
The same effects of inbreeding may have occurred in controlled cattle populations, with some additional, and perhaps unrecognized, advantages.
对于像recognize这种简单易用的单词，我们一定要掌握起来，把它植入我们的词汇库之中，随时备用，尤其是在我们的口语和写作中，我们要有意识地去培养自己去使用这种单词的意识。不仅是因为这种单词简单易用，更重要的是，对于我们表达打不开思路的中国学生来说，这种词汇是帮助我们打开具体思路的有效手段，因为在写作的时候，越具体的线索，越容易打开思路，而这种单词就如同万金油一样，几乎什么话题都能用得上。例如，以下面的考题为例：
(2015-04-18) Some people think that only students with best academic result should be rewarded, but others believe it is more important to reward students who show improvement. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
对于这个标题，我们在作文中申明论点的时候，甚至都可以通过recognize这个单词来进行改写，比如：The recognition that students with best academic result should be rewarded is acceptable, but it is more important to recognize students showing improvement.
然后，我们可以考虑如何用recognize来写一个论点，比如：To reward students showing improvement is to recognize the efforts they have made to achieve their improvement, which is very likely to lead to more students achieving their best academic result. As a result, more and more students would be willing to make improvement. 在写作的时候，先是通过动词recognize来打开一个具体的思路，然后再通过各种逻辑关系来拓展我们的思路，其中最常用的逻辑关系就是因果关系，这样做的结果是什么，或者这样做的原因是什么，比如上面划横线的部分都是结果。如果说动词recognize只是一个点，那么，加上因果关系之后，就是一条线了，顺着一条线写上三四句话，一个论点不就出来了。
本文所讲解的语法知识，在《英语语法构建和传统文化研究》一书中都有着详细的阐述，该书适合需要学习英语的初中、高中、大学，以及成人，它可以让你学习到最科学的语法知识，给你清晰地理清各种语法概念，讲解各种语法现象，帮助你构建其自己头脑中的语法体系。而且，书中的语法知识极具实用性和使用性，学到的语法知识可以马上、直接、立即地应用到我们的英语学习和使用之中。此外，如果你对国学感兴趣，这本书也不能错过。有兴趣和有需要的朋友可以前往孔网搜索。
