除了定语从句之外,还有哪些定语后置的情形?
- alive,afraid,awake,alone,asleep,worth 等通常用于系动词后面作表语,但若用作定语时则必须要后置;如 He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today. 他是当今世界上依然活着的最著名的科学家。
The girl awake is Jane. 醒着的女孩是简。
The rumor afloat 流言蜚语
※ 但是,有其他词修饰时则需前置:the half asleep child 半醒半睡的孩子
The wide awake patient 完全清醒的病人 a very ashamed girl 一个非常腼腆的女该
A somewhat afraid soldier 有些害怕的士兵
※个别a~~ 的词可以前置: an aloof building/church 一座孤零零的建筑/教堂
An alert manner 明智的态度
2.形容词在修饰someone ,something,anyone,anything,nobody ,nothing 等不定代词的时候,要后置: He wanted to get someone reliable to help in the work.他想要找个可靠的人来帮忙做这工作。 There is something wrong with his eyes. 他的眼睛有些毛病。
They provided us with everything necessary. 他们为我们提供必需的一切。
Is there anything new in today’s paper? 今天的报纸有什么新的?
3.两个意义相近或者相反的形容词中间用and/or/but 链接作定语时:
The girl,wise and diligent , won the first prize in the International Math Competition.
这个聪明有勤奋的女孩在国际书写竞赛中 获得一等奖。
All the people on the island ,young or old ,are fond of music. 这个岛上的人们,无论老少,都喜爱音乐。
4.数词 单位名词 deep/long/wide/tall/high/short/thick/thin 等做定语时:
A swimming pool nine feet deep 九英尺深的一个游泳池
A river 6,000 kilometers long 长六千公里的河流
A tree 20 meters tall 一棵20 米高的树
A child three years old 一个三岁的孩子
5.一些固定词组,以及一些“头衔”中:
Asia Minor 小亚细亚 body politic 政治统一体 some total 总计
Time immemorial 史前时期 court martial 军事法庭 letters patent 专利证书
Secretary general 秘书长 Governor general 总督 President elect 当选总统
Third person singular 第三人称单数
6.当形容词前有so /more/most 修饰时;
I have never seen a girl so kind . 我从来没见过如此善良的女孩。
He could not have chosen a time more favorable. 他选择的时间再好不过了。
That's one of the things most precious. 它是最宝贵的东西之一。
7.形容词 介词 名/代 (或接不定式);介词短语 作定语时:
A country famous for its scenery 以风景出名的国家
A job suitable for me 一份适合我的工作
A language easy to learn 一门容易学习的语言
The weather in Beijing 北京的天气
People in the world 世界人民
His love for his country 他对祖国的热爱
8.副词作定语:1)表示时间的副词:now,today ,yesterday,tomorrow ,before等
The weather today is wonderful.今天的天气很好。
The meeting tomorrow is very important.明天的会议很重要。
The night before 前天晚上
The force upward 向上的力
The air outside pressed the side in. 外面的空气把桶壁压了进去。
2).表示方位的副词:here, there,home,ahead,behind,around,below,above,abroad等
People there are quite friendly to us. 那里的人们对我很友好。
The paragraph above 上一段
The road ahead was blocked .前面的路堵住了。
I met Teddy on my way home. 我在回家的路上遇到了特迪。
3.)Alone(仅仅,单;只)/else/left/present(在场的)等作定语时常常后置,以说明名词的状态、特点。
The shoes alone cost 100 . 光是鞋子就花了100.
In fact ,money alone is almost worthless. 事实上,金钱本身是没有价值的。
(注意:alone 作副词是“单独,独自” I prefer to work on it alone.我更愿意独自做这事。)
Anything else can I do for you? 还可以为你做别的什么吗?
I have little money left in my pocket. 我口袋里没剩几个钱了。
All the people present spoke at the meeting.所有出席的人在会议上都讲了话。
9.一些特定意义的形容词作定语时:present (出席的;到场的) absent (缺席的;不在场的) proper (适当的;纯粹的) necessary (必要的;必需的)general (首席的)
Concerned (有关的;焦急的) involved (有关的;复杂的) opposite (相对的)
Nearby (附近的) elect (当选的) enough (足够的)
All the people present began to sing the international song . 所有在场的人都开始唱起了国际歌。
The speed necessary is 200 km per hour. 所需的速度为每小时200 km.
The people in the house opposite never draw their curtains. 住在对面的人从来不拉窗帘。
★注意:有些形容词作前置定语与后置定语意义不同:
↗ 前置:现有的,正在进行的 at the present time 当前
Present
↘ 后置: 出席的;到场的 the people present 到场的人
↗ the concerned parents 忧心忡忡的父母
Concerned
↘the problems concerned 有关问题
↗the man involved has run away.涉事的人已跑了。(=concerned)
Involved
↘it ‘s an involved sentence. 这是个复杂的句子。 (=complicated)
↗a responsible person 一个负责任的人
Responsible
↘a person responsible for the work 负责这项工作的人
10.分词(短语)作定语 (单独的词可前可后;现在分词v-ing 表示主动意义,过去分词v-ed/en 表示被动、完成、或状态)
They built a highway leading into the mountains. 他们修建了一条通山区的公路。
=They built a highway which led into the mountains.
We met a group of pupils returning from school. 我们遇到一群从学校回来的小学生。
= We met a group of pupils who returned from school.
What ‘s the language spoken in that area? 在那个地方人们说什么语言?
=what is the language which is spoken by people in that area?
Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么安排吗?
= Is there anything that is planned for tonight?
The results obtained must be checked .得到的结果必需核实。
The heat produced is equal to the electric energy wasted. 产生的热量等于浪费的电能。
11.动词不定式做定语:
动宾关系: I have a lot of work to do today .今天我有很多工作要做。
He has a big family to support .他有一大家子要养。
主谓关系:He is always the first to come . 他总是第一个到。
Among the men to take part in the work,he is probably the most active.
所有参加这个工作的人之中,他可能是最为积极的了。
修饰关系: It’s already time to start planting trees. 种树的时节已到了。
My grandpa had no chance to go school in those days. 那时候我爷爷没有读书的机会。
同位关系:Soon came the order to start the general attack .很快下达了发起总攻 的命令。
We got no instructions to leave the city. 我们没接到离开城市的指令