一、定义
否定句和肯定句共同构成陈述句，否定句表示用否定的态度、情感陈述自己的观点、看法等。
二、分类 具体剖析
1.常见否定
(1)借助否定词：not, no, nobody, no one, nothing, nowhere, none, neither, never等
①Not me. 不是我。
②Nothing is here. 这里什么都没有。
③Tom never goes fishing. Tom从未钓过鱼。
(2)借助半否定词: seldom, hardly, few, little, scarcely, rarely等
①Tom hardly eats apples. Tom几乎不吃苹果。
②Tom has little money. Tom没啥钱。
③Tom has few apples. Tom没啥苹果。
(3)助动词、情态动词、be动词后加not
①Tom doesn't like apples. Tom不喜欢苹果。
②Tom can't swim. Tom不会游泳。
③Tom isn't a doctor. Tom不是医生。
2.部分否定与全部否定
(1)常见部分否定: all...not...=not all..., both...not...=not both..., every...not...=not every..., 翻译为“并非......都......”
①Not all of them are bad people. 他们并非所有人都是坏人。
(2)常见全部否定: no/none/no-, neither
①Neither of them is my friends. 他们两个都不是我的朋友。
②None of them is my friends. 他们所有人都不是我的朋友。
③No one is my friend.=Nobody is my friend. 没人是我的朋友。
(3)并列否定(常考并列否定用or连接，若并列成分前都有否定词会用and)
①Tom has no apples or bananas. Tom没有苹果和香蕉。
②Tom has no apples and no bananas. Tom没有苹果也没有香蕉。
3.特殊否定
(1)特殊形式表否定
①介词/介词短语构成否定(常见介词有without/from/off/of/out of/against等)
A. Linda left without say anything. Linda一言不发走了。
B. Linda often takes an umbrella to protect herself from the sun. Linda经常带伞，保护自己免受太阳晒。
C. Keep off the bad friends and you will go better. 远离坏朋友，你会走得更好。
②词意否定
A. too...to...太......而不能......: Linda is too young to go to school. Linda太年轻而不能去上学。
B. be blind to...对......视而不见: Linda is blind to Tom. Linda对Tom视而不见。
③反义词缀构成否定
A.否定前缀: un-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, dis-等
(a)Tom dislikes apples. Tom不喜欢苹果。
(b)It is impossible. 这是不可能的。
B.否定后缀: -less等
(a)Tom is helpless now. Tom现在很无助。
④语境构成否定
(a)Did I ever give up?= If I ever give up.= I never give up. 我放弃过吗?/我要是放弃过就好了。(我从未放弃过)
(b)Who would do that? = Nobody would do that. 谁会这样做？(没人会这样做)
(2)单重否定表肯定
①I can't agree with you more! 我太赞同你了！
②I can't wait to see you. 我迫不及待想见你。
③I can't help missing you. 我情不自禁想你。
(3)双重否定表肯定
①Tom can't live without Linda. =Tom can live only with Linda. Tom有了Linda就能活下去。
②Nothing is impossible.=Everything is possible. 一切皆有可能。
(4)否定转移(通常出现在宾语从句中)
①I don't think you are right.=I think you are wrong. 我认为你是错的。(宾语从句的否定转移到了主句，翻译时要注意翻译成从句的否定)
PS：以上内容为焦糖英语的原创内容，若有所获，欢迎关注焦糖英语~
