英语句子五种基本结构,英语句子有哪些基本结构

首页 > 教育 > 作者:YD1662024-04-16 03:27:17

复习完时态,我们再来看一下英语中最基本的五种句型结构,这有助于初学者或英语基础不好的同学掌握英语句子的构成。

英语中的五种基本句型结构:

一、句型1: Subject (主语) Verb (谓语)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:

1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。

2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。

二、句型2:Subject (主语) Link. V(系动词) Predicate(表语)

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。

其系动词主要有以下几种::

1)状态系动词,表主语状态,最常见的是be

He is a teacher.

他是一位老师。

2)感官动词常可以用作系动词。如feel, smell, sound, taste, touch等。

This flower smells very nice.

这花闻起来很不错。

3)持续性动词,表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度。常翻译为“仍然是”“保持”等。如keep, rest, remain, stay, lie等。

He always keeps silent at class.

他在课堂上总是保持沉默。

4)变化系动词, 表示主语变成什么样。如become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。

He became fat in winter holiday.

寒假他胖了。

三、句型3:Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Object (宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例:

1) He took his bag and left.(名词) 他拿着书包离开了。

2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。

3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。

4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。

四、句型4: Subject(主语) Verb(谓语) Indirect object(间接宾语) Direct object (直接宾语)

这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如:

1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。

2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.

老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。

上述句子还可以表达为:

1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.

2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.

五、句型5: Subject(主语) Verb (动词) Object (宾语) Complement(补语)

这种句型中的“宾语 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:

1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)

2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。

3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)

5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)

常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。

注意:*使役动词have, make, let, 以及感官动词see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,省去to。如:

1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。

2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在

隔壁唱了一个晚上。

*但当这两类动词用于被动语态时,to要还原。如:

1)We often see him play football

---He is often seen to play football by us.

2)The boss made his workers work 12 hours a day.

---The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.

英语句子五种基本结构,英语句子有哪些基本结构(1)

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