原文标题：
A $25trn hit
Global warming is coming for your home
Who will pay for the damage?
25万亿美元的打击
全球变暖将影响您的家园
谁来承担损失
[Paragraph 7]
The last question is how to pay for domestic modifications that prevent further climate change.
最后一个问题是，如何为那些能防止气候恶化的家庭改造项目筹集资金。
Houses account for 18% of global energy-related emissions. Many are likely to need heat pumps, which work best with underfloor heating or bigger radiators, and thick insulation.
房屋占全球能源相关排放量的18%。许多房屋可能需要安装热泵，而热泵与地暖或更大的散热器以及厚实的保温材料配合使用效果最佳。
Unfortunately, retrofitting homes is expensive. Asking homeowners to pay up can lead to a backlash; last year Germany’s ruling coalition tried to ban gas boilers, only to change course when voters objected to the costs.
遗憾的是，房屋改造费用昂贵。而要求房主承担改造费用可能会引起强烈反对；去年，德国执政联盟曾试图禁止燃气锅炉，但因选民反对费用太高而改弦更张。
Italy followed an alternative approach, by offering extraordinarily generous, and badly designed, handouts to households who renovate.
意大利采取了另一种方法，为房屋改造的家庭提供极其慷慨但设计欠佳的补贴。
It has spent a staggering €219bn ($238bn, or 10% of its GDP) on its “superbonus” scheme.
意大利已在“超级补贴”计划中投入了惊人的2190亿欧元（约合2380亿美元，占总GDP的10%）。
[Paragraph 8]
The full impact of climate change is still some way off. But the sooner policymakers can resolve these questions, the better.
气候变化的全面影响尚需时日。但政策制定者越早解决这些问题，情况就会越有利。
The evidence shows that house prices react to these risks only after disaster has struck, when it is too late for preventive investments.
有证据表明，房价只有在灾难发生后才会对这些风险做出反应，而这时再进行预防性投资已经来不及了。
Inertia is therefore likely to lead to nasty surprises.
因此，惯性很可能导致令人不快的意外情况。
Housing is too important an asset to be mispriced across the economy—not least because it is so vital to the financial system.
住房是经济中不可或缺的重要资产，绝对不能出现价格扭曲——尤其是考虑到住房对金融系统的重要性。
[Paragraph 9]
Governments will have to do their bit.
各国政府必须尽自己的一份力量。
Until the 18th century much of the Netherlands followed the principle that only nearby communities would maintain dykes—and the system was plagued by underinvestment and needless flooding as a result.
在18世纪之前，荷兰大部分地区都遵循着只有附近社区才负责维护堤坝的原则——结果导致系统投资不足，饱受洪水泛滥之苦。
Governments alone can solve such collective-action problems by building infrastructure, and must do so especially around high-productivity cities.
只有政府才能通过建设基础设施来解决此类集体行动问题，特别是在高生产率的城市周边，政府必须这么做。
Owners will need inducements to spend big sums retrofitting their homes to pollute less, which benefits everyone.
为了鼓励房主投入大量资金对房屋进行改造以减少污染，从而造福所有人，政府还需要提供激励措施。
[Paragraph 10]
Wie het water deert
水的影响
At the same time, however, policymakers must be careful not to subsidise folly by offering large implicit guarantees and explicit state-backed insurance schemes.
然而，政策制定者同样需要谨慎行事，以免通过提供大量隐性担保和明确的政府背书的保险计划来补贴不明智的决策。
These not only pose an unacceptable risk to taxpayers, but they also weaken the incentive for people to invest in making their properties more resilient.
这不仅会给纳税人带来了不可接受的风险，还会削弱人们投资于房屋抗灾能力的积极性。
And by suppressing insurance premiums, they do nothing to discourage people from moving to areas that are already known to be high-risk today.
而且，压低保险费的措施并不能有效阻止人们迁入已知的高风险地区。
The omens are not good, even though the stakes are so high.For decades governments have failed to disincentivise building on floodplains.
虽然建房风险高，但种种迹象不容乐观。几十年来，政府一直未能抑制洪泛区的建设活动。
[Paragraph 11]
The $25trn bill will pose problems around the world. But doing nothing today will only make tomorrow more painful.
25万亿美元的巨额账单将在全球范围内引发一系列问题。然而，如果现在无所作为，那么未来的困境会更加棘手。
For both governments and homeowners, the worst response to the housing conundrum would be to ignore it.
无论是政府还是房主，对住房难题的最糟糕的反应就是选择忽视。
（恭喜读完，本篇英语词汇量520/986左右）
原文出自：2024年4月13日《The Economist》Leaders版块
精读笔记来源于：自由英语之路
本文翻译整理: Irene
本文编辑校对: Irene
仅供个人英语学习交流使用。
【补充资料】（来自于网络）
欧洲各地正在实施类似的计划。欧盟委员会宣布其翻新浪潮战略是欧洲绿色新政的一个关键举措。它的目标是到2030年将翻新率提高一倍，从而使3500万座建筑得到翻新，并在建筑行业创造多达16万个绿色就业机会。
意大利政府正在提供多项激励措施以促进其经济发展，包括城镇和村庄以1欧元的价格出售废弃房屋以换取翻新承诺。对于已经在意大利拥有房产的人，税务局将提供110%的税收减免，称为超级奖金(Superbonus)，用于更提高能源效率或地震安全性的装修。房主必须至少进行一个所谓的“驱动”项目，例如保温、空调系统或供暖系统。电动汽车充电基础设施和光伏系统可以作为附加项目。房主需要证明装修后的节能效果。建筑物或公寓的能源分类必须至少提高两个等级，并在施工前后通过能源绩效证书加以证明。新建的建筑物不符合条件。意大利政府认为该计划可以使所有相关方受益。房主可以免费翻新他们的房屋，减少能源费用的支出，提高房地产的价值。建筑商可以增加营业额，政府可以看到能源消耗和经济的改善。
【重点句子】（3个）
The full impact of climate change is still some way off. But the sooner policymakers can resolve these questions, the better.
气候变化的全面影响尚需时日。但政策制定者越早解决这些问题，情况就会越有利。
Inertia is therefore likely to lead to nasty surprises.
因此，惯性很可能导致令人不快的意外情况。
The $25trn bill will pose problems around the world. But doing nothing today will only make tomorrow more painful.
25万亿美元的巨额账单将在全球范围内引发一系列问题。然而，如果现在无所作为，那么未来的困境会更加棘手。
自由英语之路
