一、JSP
1、什么是JSP？
jsp(Java Server Pages):是以Java语言为基础的动态网页开发技术，
特点：
Servlet特点：在Java源码中嵌入html源码
JSP特点：在html源码中嵌入java代码
JSP就是Servlet
1、tomcat获得JSP文件后，先将JSP转成servlet，变成xxx.java(servlet源码)，
D:\java\tomcat7.0\apache-Tomcat-7.0.53\apache-tomcat-7.0.53\work\Catalina\localhost\test01\org\apache\jsp
tomcat安装目录 引擎 主机 项目 固定包名 这个之下就是存放着jsp变成的servlet文件.java和编译文件.class
2、tomcat将java文件编译成class文件
3、tomcat运行class文件，并将结果输出到浏览器，
实例:
创建一个jsp。查看其转换后的servlet代码。
NewFile.jsp
复制代码
1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
2 pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4 <html>
5 <head>
6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
7 <title>Insert title here</title>
8 </head>
9 <body>
10 hahaha
11 </body>
12 </html>
NewFile_jsp.java
复制代码
1 /*
2 * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
3 * Version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.53
4 * Generated at: 2017-02-22 02:09:08 UTC
5 * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
6 * the last modified time of the source file after
7 * generation to assist with modification tracking.
8 */
9 package org.apache.jsp;
10
11 import javax.servlet.*;
12 import javax.servlet.http.*;
13 import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
14
15 public final class NewFile_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
16 implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {
17
18 private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
19 javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
20
21 private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;
22
23 private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
24 private org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;
25
26 public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
27 return _jspx_dependants;
28 }
29
30 public void _jspInit() {
31 _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
32 _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
33 }
34
35 public void _jspDestroy() {
36 }
37
38 public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
39 throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
40
41 final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
42 javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
43 final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
44 final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
45 javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
46 final java.lang.Object page = this;
47 javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
48 javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
49
50
51 try {
52 response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
53 pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
54 null, true, 8192, true);
55 _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
56 application = pageContext.getServletContext();
57 config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
58 session = pageContext.getSession();
59 out = pageContext.getOut();
60 _jspx_out = out;
61
62 out.write("\r\n");
63 out.write("<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd\">\r\n");
64 out.write("<html>\r\n");
65 out.write("<head>\r\n");
66 out.write("<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=UTF-8\">\r\n");
67 out.write("<title>Insert title here</title>\r\n");
68 out.write("</head>\r\n");
69 out.write("<body>\r\n");
70 out.write("\thahaha\r\n");
71 out.write("</body>\r\n");
72 out.write("</html>");
73 } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
74 if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
75 out = _jspx_out;
76 if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
77 try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
78 if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
79 else throw new ServletException(t);
80 }
81 } finally {
82 _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
83 }
84 }
85 }
可以看到public final class NewFile_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent
NewFile_jsp.java继承自HttpJspBase。来看看HttpJspBase的源码
HttpJspBase.java
复制代码
1 /*
2 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
4 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
8 *
9 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 *
11 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15 * limitations under the License.
16 */
17
18 package org.apache.jasper.runtime;
19
20 import java.io.IOException;
21
22 import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
23 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
24 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
25 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
26 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
27 import javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage;
28
29 import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer;
30
31 /**
32 * This is the super class of all JSP-generated servlets.
33 *
34 * @author Anil K. Vijendran
35 */
36 public abstract class HttpJspBase extends HttpServlet implements HttpJspPage {
37
38 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
39
40 protected HttpJspBase() {
41 }
42
43 @Override
44 public final void init(ServletConfig config)
45 throws ServletException
46 {
47 super.init(config);
48 jspInit();
49 _jspInit();
50 }
51
52 @Override
53 public String getServletInfo() {
54 return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info");
55 }
56
57 @Override
58 public final void destroy() {
59 jspDestroy();
60 _jspDestroy();
61 }
62
63 /**
64 * Entry point into service.
65 */
66 @Override
67 public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
68 throws ServletException, IOException
69 {
70 _jspService(request, response);
71 }
72
73 @Override
74 public void jspInit() {
75 }
76
77 public void _jspInit() {
78 }
79
80 @Override
81 public void jspDestroy() {
82 }
83
84 protected void _jspDestroy() {
85 }
86
87 @Override
88 public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request,
89 HttpServletResponse response)
90 throws ServletException, IOException;
91 }
public abstract class HttpJspBase extends HttpServlet implements HttpJspPage
看到了一个熟悉的类，HttpServlet，我们编写Servlet时就是继承自该类，这里也是继承HttpServlet，并且HttpJspBase的源码会发现，生命周期也是有init()方法，service()方法，destory()方法，相当于_jspService()方法就是servlet的service()方法的执行，所以说JSP也是一个servlet。
我们在JSP写的所有html代码，都会被转换为servlet中的out.write(html)代码来输出。看图
小总结：
对于jsp转换成的servlet源码，之后我们会在进行详细分析，现在只需要知道jsp中的内容在servlet中被转换成什么了，在哪里被转换了即可。其中_jspService()方法的详细内容下面会讲解
注意：jsp 生成java源码，默认第一次生成，之后直接执行，除非内容修改，具体点说，由于JSP只会在客户端第一次请求的时候被编译，因此第一次请求JSP时会感觉比较慢，而之后的请求因为不会编译JSP，所以速度就快多了，如果将Tomcat保存的JSP编译后的class文件删除，Tomcat也会重新编译JSP。在开发Web程序的时候经常需要修改JSP,Tomcat能够自动检测到JSP程序的改动，如果检测到JSP源代码发生了改动，Tomcat会在下次客户端请求JSP时重新编译JSP,而不需要重启Tomcat，这种自动检测功能默认是开启的，检测改动会消耗少量的时间，在部署web应用程序的时候可以在web.xml中将它关掉。这也就是为什么我们能够在jsp页面直接修改内容，而不用重新启动服务器的原因。
因为JSP就是servlet，那么生命周期也就是跟serlvet一样。
JSP和servlet有一点区别就在于：jsp是先部署后编译，而servlet是先编译后部署。
二、JSP语法
JSP模版数据：
就是JSP中的HTML代码，它的内容给是固定的，无论程序如何运行模版数据输出到客户端浏览器时都不会发生改变，当我们创建一个JSP时，模版就已经固定了。
元素：JSP中的java部分，包括脚本(JavaScript，或者java代码)以及JSP指令(Directive)与JSP标签(Tag)等，元素决定着程序的流程，元素是不会显示到浏览器的。这几个都会在接下来讲解到
JSP脚本：
1、使用<% 编写java代码 %>，中间java代码必须遵循Java语法，
