dairy [ˈdɛəri] n. ①制酪业；牛奶场
②奶制品厂
③奶品店
We bought milk at the dairy．我们在奶品店买牛奶。
dam [dæm] n. 水坝
Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams．没有什么重大的技术发明能像大型水坝这样抓得住人们的想象力。
damn [dæm] v. 谴责
damp [dæmp] n. 湿气
a. 潮湿的
vt. 使潮湿；使衰减；使沮丧；控制，抑制
【词义辨析】dark和darkness
dark通常指经常的情况，darkness通常指一时的情况。
database [ˈdeitbeis] n. ①数据库（databank）②通知报告（facts, data, input, gen）
dawn [dɔːn] vi. 破晓
n. 黎明，曙光
It______on Fred that he would fail the course if he did not study harder.
A. dawned
B. hit
C. struck
D. occurred
【答案】A. dawn on/upon sb（以事物作主语，以人作宾语）明白过来，想到（如It has slowly dawned upon us that he will not help. It suddenly dawned upon me why he was so interested in my story.）。hit on/upon sth（以人作主语，以idea/plan等作宾语）突然想到。strike vt. （以idea/thought等作主语，以人作宾语）使突然想到（也可用被动态be struck with the idea）。occur to（以idea等作主语，以人作宾语）使突然想到。
The day is ours．我们得胜了。
daylight [ˈdeilait] n. 日光；白昼；公开
daytime [ˈdeitaim] n. 白天；白昼
dazzle [ˈdæz(ə)l]v. 眼花，晃眼
dead [ded] a. ①死的
【词义辨析】dead和deceased
dead：指以往生存而现在已死的人或其他生命。deceased：只适用于死人，而不指其他已死的生物，用于正式文体。
【试题精练】It's so cold outside that my fingers feel______.
A. dead
B. indifferent
C. unaware
D. unconscious
【答案】A. dead a. 死的；无感觉的。indifferent (to) a. 冷漠的，不关心的，不积极。unaware (of) a. 没有察觉的。unconscious (of) a. 失去知觉的，没有知觉的（一般以人作主语，不以人体的一部分作主语）。
deadlock [ˈdedlɔk] n. 僵局
deadly [ˈdedli] a. ①致命的，致死的
deaf [def] a. 耳聋的；装聋的
①as deaf as an adder [a post, a door, a door-post] 全聋②be deaf of [in] an [one] ear 聋了一只耳朵③None so deaf as those that won't hear．［谚］不肯倾听别人意见的人是最聋的人。
【试题精练】He is______to all requests for help.
A. dumb
B. blind
C. deaf
D. uninterested
【答案】C. deaf (to) a. （本义）耳聋的；（引申）不愿听别人意见的，装聋的（如deaf in one ear. He was deaf to all advice. Appeals to higher authorities fell on deaf ears. The teacher turned a deaf ear to Bob's excuse.）。dumb a. 哑的；无言的，不说话的。blind (to) a. 瞎的，失明的；盲目的；视而不见的，装着看不见的（to）（如blind in one eye. He is blind to his own faults. to turn a blind eye to sth装着没看见）。uninterested (in) a. 毫无兴趣的。
dealer [ˈdiːlə(r)] n. 经销商，商人
dean [ˈdiːn] n.（大学）院长，主持牧师，（基督教）教长
death [deθ] n. 死亡，逝世；消亡
debate [diˈbeit] n./v. ①辩论，讨论
②考虑；思考
He was debating whether to go for a walk or to visit a friend．他在考虑去散步或者去访友。
【习惯用语】①beyond debate无疑义，无可争辩②debate upon [on] (a question)讨论（问题）③open the debate在辩论时首先发言
【长难例句1】France's resumption of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations．上月法国在南太平洋重新进行核试验引发了政界的争论和群众游行示威。
【长难例句2】On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying．在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人承认，关于医生帮助下的自*的讨论部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对他们来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的身体痛苦。
【试题精练】Congress was then in session, and a fierce______was going on over ratification of the treaty.
A. debate
B. discussion
C. quarrel
D. contention
【答案】A. debate n./v. （一般指在正式会议上就重大问题所进行的，严肃认真的，常常是激烈的）辩论，争论，讨论（如The members of Parliament hold debates. As had been expected, the Senate debate over ratification of the treaties was heated.）。discussion (of/about/on) n. （常指就某一重要问题同其他人进行的严肃认真的，但情绪缓和的）谈论，讨论。quarrel n. 争吵，争论。contention n. 争夺，斗争，争吵。
decay [diˈkei]v./n. ①腐烂
deceit [diˈsiːt] n. ①欺骗（cheat）②谎言
deceive [diˈsiːv] v. 欺骗，蒙骗
①be deceived in sb看错了某人，对某人感到失望②deceive oneself骗自己；误解，想错③deceive sb into doing sth骗某人做某事
decent [ˈdiːsənt] a. 体面的，得体的
The workers went on strike for ______working conditions.
A. ideal
B. clean
C. comfortable
D. decent
【答案】D. decent a. 像样的，过得去的，尚可的；合宜的，得体的，正派的（如We pay a very decent price. She never had decent clothes to wear. I get decent marks at school. I only associate with good decent fellows.）。ideal a. 理想的，完满的。clean a. 干净的，清洁的。comfortable a. 舒适的，舒服的。
【词义辨析】decide, determine, resolve和make up one's mind
decide：意为“决定”，强调经过考虑或协商以后的选择。
determine：意为“决定，下决心”，暗示经过严格的考虑，决心做某事，有决定后加以坚持的含义。
resolve：意为“决定，下决心”，暗示贯彻决定的坚定意志，语气比determine强。
Make up one's mind是与迟疑、动摇等相对而言的。
decimal [ˈdesim(ə)l] a. 十进制的 n. 小数
decision [diˈsiʒ(ə)n] n. ①决定，决心；果断
②选择；抉择；决定
Have they reached a decision yet？他们是否已有所决定？
【习惯用语】①come to [arrive at, reach] a decision作出决定②give a decision for [against] 判决对……有利［不利］③leave…to the decision of由……来决定（某事）
【长难例句】The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering．对医疗界如何寻找解除濒临死亡的病人的痛苦的方法这一问题，最高法院对医生帮助下的自*行为所做的决定会产生重要的影响。
decisive [diˈsaisiv] a. ①果断的，断然的
②决定性的
deck [dek] n. ①甲板
①clear the decks（for action）（战舰）准备战斗；准备行动②cut the deck（牌戏）签牌，倒牌③hit the deck［俚］起床，起身；被击倒，摔倒；准备行动
declaration [ˌdekləˈreiʃ(ə)n] n. ①宣言，公告
②声明，申报
They issued a______to the effect that the covenant（违反契约的诉讼）would not have any place in the treaty.
A. declaration
B. certificate
C. proposal
D. pronunciation
【答案】A. declaration n. 宣布，宣告；宣言，声明（书）（如The Declaration of Independence was made in America in 1776. Then they drew up their declaration concerning the war.）。certificate n. 证明书。proposal n. 提议，建议；求婚。pronunciation n. 发音，发音方法。
Have you anything to declare？你有要申报纳税的物品吗？
decline [diˈklain] v. 谢绝；下降
n. ①减少，衰落
②列出（名词、代词或形容词的）词尾变化
【习惯用语】①fall [sink] into a decline开始衰落，衰弱下去；体力衰退（尤指因患肺病而衰弱）②on the decline走下坡路，在衰退中③the decline of life晚年，暮年
【长难例句】It's easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our everchanging world．人们很容易把交谈的减少归咎于现代生活的节奏和日常变化的世界中发生的细微变化。
【词义辨析】decline, deny, refuse和reject
decline：指委婉地谢绝他人的邀请、帮助或服务等。deny：指坚决地拒绝承认某物的真实性，拒绝给予某种权利以及拒绝允许某要求。refuse：指坚决、果断或坦率地拒绝，强调拒绝的决心不会发生动摇或怀疑。reject：指以否定敌对态度当面拒绝赐予请求提议或不适当、不满意或憎恶之物，有时也指拒绝听人某种见解或意见。
【试题精练】He was afraid he would have to ______her invitation to the party.
A. refute
B. refuse
C. reject
D. decline
【答案】D. decline vt. 婉辞，谢绝（邀请）；不愿（做某事）（后面跟不定式）；vi. 下降，减少，衰落。refute vt. 批驳，驳斥，驳倒（宾语可以是人或某人的论点）。refuse vt. 拒绝（给予或接受）（句型：refuse sth/to＋动词原形）。reject vt. 拒绝，驳回；拒纳，退回（后面只能跟名词或代词作宾语，不跟其他句型）。
decode [diːˈkəud] vt. 解码，译解
decorate [ˈdekəreit] vt. ①装饰，装潢
②油漆；粉刷
③授以勋章
【习惯用语】decorate with以……装饰
decrease [diˈkriːsl v./n. 减少，减小
①on the decrease在减少中，在下降中②decrease to减少到③decrease in (size)by…（尺寸）减少……
dedicate [ˈdedikeit] vt. 奉献
【词义辨析】dedicate和devote
这两个词都有“奉献，献身”之意。dedicate：意为“奉献”，指庄严凝重的、完全的奉献，往往与崇高神圣的事业有关，含有坚定的决心和信心。
devote：意为“把……奉献给，献身，把……留给”，指出于某种动机、热情、感情、理想或个人兴趣而为某个目标、事业或团体奉献。
deduce [diˈdjuːs] a. 演绎，推断
deduct [diˈdʌkt] vt. 扣除，演绎
deed [diːd] n. 行为，事实，功绩，实行，契约
vt. 立契转让（旧产等）
deem [diːm]v. 认为，相信
【词义辨析】deep和deeply
deep：表示距离、时间等具体深度，一般修饰动态动词和介词短语。deeply：和表示个人情感（往往带有消极意味）的动词、过去分词（具有形容词性质）或形容词连用。
deer [diə(r)] n. 鹿
defeat [diˈfiːt] vt./n. 打败，战胜；挫败
①inflict a defeat on (upon) 挫败；使……遭受失败②suffer [sustain] a defeat战败；遭受挫败
defect [diˈfekt] n. 缺点，缺陷，毛病
The television was returned because of a______.
A. defect
B. deficiency
C. mistake
D. deficit
【答案】A. defect n. （可指个人性格、机械、计划等中的）缺点，缺陷，毛病（如His feeble will is his fatal defect. The machine is unsafe because of the defects in it. A defect in judgment led to the accident.）。deficiency n. （多指抽象事物的）缺点，缺陷；缺乏，不足（某种东西）（the deficiencies in the plan; her mental deficiencies; a deficiency of vitamin C）。mistake n. 错误，过失。deficit n. 赤字，逆差。
defence/defense [diˈfens] n. 防御，保卫；（pl.）防御工事；辩护
①in defence of保卫；捍卫；为……辩护②The best defence is offence．［谚］进攻是最好的防御。
defend [diˈfend] vt. ①防守，防卫；辩护
②为……当辩护律师
③守卫；防御
He's better at defending than attacking．他的防守优于进攻。
【习惯用语】①defend against保卫；抵抗②defend from保护，保卫（使不受伤害）
The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression．人们对说唱音乐的焦虑并没使他的日子变得好过。莱文一向以它是一种“富于表现力的演唱方式”这个理由来为公司的说唱音乐辩护。
【词义辨析】defend, guard和protect
defend：指积极地抵抗、防御或挫败敌人的攻击和威胁，也可指为论述或观点进行辩护，常与介词against连用。guard：意为“保卫，警卫，看守”，常指为了保证安全而站立守卫，通常有警惕的含义。protect：意为“保护，保卫”，指以某种方式，如用遮盖来防护现实存在的或可能产生的危险、伤害或损毁，它多指永远、长久的行为，亦可指用一定的设备防御风雨、烈日、疾病等。常与介词against与from连用。defend和guard指的避开危害的成功率不如protect那么高，一个人可能徒劳地guard或defend某人或某物，但他protect的人或物将会很安全。
【试题精练】The monstrous system was by statesmen in the name of individual liberty.
A. guarded
B. sheltered
C. defended
D. protected
【答案】C. defend vt. 为……辩护；保卫，防守（如He employed a lawyer to defend him in court. defend sb from harm/against a surprise attack; She defended her children from the mad dog.）。guard vt. 守卫，保卫；防止，防范（against）。shelter(from) vt. 掩蔽，庇护。protect (from) vt. 保护，保卫。
defendant [diˈfend(ə)nt] n./a. 被告人（的）
defer [diˈfəː (r)] vt. 推迟，拖延
vi. 遵从，听从，服从
deficiency [diˈfiʃənsi] n. ①缺乏，不足
②缺点，缺陷
deficit [ˈdefisit] n. 赤字，不足额
define [diˈfain] vt. ①解释（定义），下定义；规定
②阐述；阐释；详细说明
define the position of the government阐述政府的立场
Some words are hard to______because they have many different uses.
A. say
B. express
C. define
D. determine
【答案】C. define vt. 给……下定义，解释；限定，规定（如A dictionary defines words. The constitution defines the powers of the president.）。express vt. 表示，表达。determine vt. 决定，确定。
definite [ˈdefinit] a. 明确的，确定的
I'm not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can't make a(n) ______promise to help you.
A. definite
B. exact
C. sure
D. prompt
【答案】A. definite a. 明确的，确切的；肯定的。exact a. 精确的，确切的。sure a. 确信的，有把握的；一定的，必定的；可靠的，稳妥的。prompt a. 及时的，迅速的；敏捷的。
definition [ˌdefiˈniʃ(ə)n] n. ①定义，释义
②清晰；轮廓清楚
Good photographs have definition．好的照片都很清晰。
【长难例句】While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past．几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。
defy [diˈfai] vt. ①公然反抗，蔑视
②向……挑战；激，惹
degenerate [diˈdʒenerət] vi. 衰退，堕落，蜕化
a. 衰退的，堕落的
n. 堕落者
delay [diˈlei] v./n. 推迟，耽搁，延误
It is important that you reply to our letter without______.
A. pause
B. stoppage
C. rest
D. delay
【答案】D. delay n. 耽搁，延误；推迟（without delay毫不迟延地，立即）。pause n. 暂停，中止。stoppage n. 停顿；堵塞。rest n. 休息，睡眠；撑架。
delegate [ˈdeliɡit] n. 代表
I have______Mr. Roberts to serve in my place during my absence.
A. offered
B. demanded
C. delegated
D. entrusted
【答案】C. delegate vt. 授权，把……委托给；委派（或选举）……为代表（如The club delegated Bill to attend the national convention.）。offer vt. （主动）给予，提供，提出（句型：offer to＋动词原形；offer sth; have sth to offer; offer sb sth）。demand vt. 要求，强令；需要；询问（句型：demand sth；demand to＋动词原形；demand that sb do sth）。entrust vt. 把……托付给（句型：entrust sth to sb；entrust sb with sth）。
delete [diˈliːt] vt. 删除
deliberate [diˈlibereit] a. ①故意的
②深思熟虑的
We were______whether to buy a new motor-car.
A. contemplating
B. deliberating
C. thinking
D. weighing
【答案】B. deliberate v. 仔细考虑，思考（如We were deliberating what to do next. They are still deliberating over/upon the question.）。contemplate vt. 盘算，计议；思量，对……作周密考虑（句型：contemplate sth/＋动词ing形式；不能说contemplate what/how/whether to do sth）。think v. 思考（句型：think to＋动词原形；think of/about；think sth over）。weigh vt. 认真考虑，权衡（句型：weigh sth；weigh A and/with B；不能说weigh how/what/whether to＋动词原形）。
delegation [ˌdeliˈɡeiʃ(ə)n] n. ①代表团②派代表；作……代表
delicate [ˈdelikit] a. ①娇嫩的；精细的；微妙的
②易损的；易破碎的；纤细的
a delicate glass容易破碎的玻璃杯
③易病的；娇弱的；体质差的
a delicate looking child看起来瘦弱的小孩
The wine glasses were so______that I was afraid to carry them home by bus.
A. delicate
B. flexible
C. shaky
D. tender
【答案】A. delicate a. 易碎的，纤弱的；纤细的，清秀的，娇嫩的（delicate silk；the delicate skin of a baby；delicate glass）。flexible a. 易弯曲的，柔韧的；灵活的。shaky a. 不稳的，颤动的；靠不住的，动摇的。tender a. 温柔的；嫩的；一触即痛的。
delicious [diˈliʃəs] a. 美味的，芬芳的
For dinner that evening we had some ______turtle meat.
A. delicious
B. tasteful
C. presentable
D. elaborate
【答案】A. delicious a. 美味可口的，好闻的（delicious food/smell）。tasteful a.（修饰家具、工艺品等）格调高雅的，显示出鉴赏力高的。presentable a. （指人）模样不错的，适合在公共场所露面的；（指作品）相当不错的，可以拿得出来的。elaborate a. 复杂的；精心制作的，详尽的。
She delights in cooking lovely meals．她以烹饪美食为乐。
【词义辨析】delight, enjoyment和pleasure.
delight：指被某事诱发的满意或满足感，表现也更生动活泼，但持续时间不长。enjoyment：指某人对某种事物感到喜爱、高兴时的心理状态或情感反应。pleasure：以各种形式表现出来的或未表现出来的满足或喜悦的情绪或感觉，也指因愉快引起的兴奋激动。
【试题精练】The old man took a great______in collecting stamps.
A. happiness
B. pride
C. delight
D. hobby
【答案】C. delight n. 快乐，高兴（take [a] delight in以……为乐；喜欢〈干某事〉，从……中得到乐趣，如The naughty boy takes [a] great delight in pulling the dog's tail.）。happiness n. 快乐，愉快，高兴（没有take a happiness in sth的说法）。pride n. 自豪；引以自豪的东西；骄傲，傲慢（take [a] pride in以……感到骄傲）。hobby n. 业余爱好（不能说take a hobby in）。
delighted [diˈlaitid] a. 高兴的，快乐的
delightful [diˈlaitful] a. 令人高兴的，使人快乐的
deliver [diˈlivə(r)] vt. ①投递，送交；发表；分娩
In most of the United States, the morning newspaper is______by school-age children.
A. delivered
B. posted
C. conducted
D. discharged
【答案】A. deliver vt. 投递，送交；发表（演讲）；（为……）接生。post vt. 投寄，邮寄。conduct vt. 处理，管理；指挥，引导；传导，传（热、电等）。discharge vt. 放出，排出；释放，允许离开。
delivery [diˈlivəri] n. 递送，交付，分娩，交货，引渡，发送，传输；［律］财产等的正式移交
demonstrate [ˈdemənstreit] vt. 示范，证明，论证
vi. 示威
democracy [diˈmɔkrəsi] n. 民主（制）；民主国家
democratic [deməˈkrætik] a. 民主的；有民主作风（精神）的，民主党的
demolish [diˈmɔliʃ] vt. ①拆毁，毁坏
②驳倒，推翻
demonstrate [ˈdemənstreit] v. ①证明；演示；示威游行
②表演；夸……的用途
The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers demonstrate for．当约翰读着同伙们的要求时，校董事会静静地听着。
【长难例句2】This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50％ took a loss in 1989．仅这一点就表明在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这个事实通过统计数字也是一目了然；在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不下于50％。
【试题精练】The car salesman took the customer for a drive in the new model in order to______its improved features.
A. exhibit
B. reveal
C. demonstrate
D. indicate
【答案】C. demonstrate vt. 表演（技术），做给……看；说明，论证；显示，表露（如The teacher demonstrated the experiment to the class. Please demonstrate how the machine works. How can you demonstrate that the world is round?）。exhibit vt. 陈列，展览（即把物品摆出让人看）；显示（某种特性）。 reveal vt. 展现，显示；揭露，泄露。 indicate vt. 标示，表示；表明。
demonstration [ˌdemənˈstreiʃ(ə)n] n. ①展示
denial [diˈnaiəl] n. 否认
denounce [diˈnauns] vt. ①指责
②告发
denote [diˈnəut] vt. ①意思是
②表示，是……的标志
denounce [diˈnaus] vt. ①指责②告发
dense [dens] a. ①密的，密集的；稠密的
②愚钝的；愚蠢的
It was difficult to see through the ______fog.
A. dense
B. crowded
C. compressed
D. condensed
【答案】A. dense a. 浓密的；密集的；稠密的。crowded a. 拥挤的。compressed a. 压紧的，压缩的。condensed a. 压缩的，缩短的；凝聚的。
density [ˈdensiti] n. ①稠密②浓度，密度
dental [ˈdent(ə)l] a. 牙齿的，牙科的
dentist [ˈdentist] n. 牙科医生
He denied his country．他背弃了自己的国家。
Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which______them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.
A. deprives
B. restricts
C. rejects
D. denies
【答案】D. deny (sb sth) vt. 拒绝给予；拒绝（某人的要求）。deprive (sb of sth) vt. 剥夺，使丧失。restrict vt. 限制，约束（restrict sth; restrict the discussion to domestic affairs）。reject vt. 拒绝，驳回；拒纳，退回（reject sb/sth，后面不跟双宾语）。
depart [diˈpɑːt] vi. ①离开，出发
②（常与from连用）背离，违反
③死亡；逝世；辞世（＝depart this life）
【习惯用语】depart from离开；从……出发；违反；背离
department [diˈpɑːtmənt] n. ①部，部门；（大学等的）系
②（某些国家的）县
③职责；专长
Advertising is my department．我负责做广告。
【试题精练】A large shop is divided into______.
A. divisions
B. sections
C. departments
D. categories
【答案】C. department n. （大商店里专销某种商品的）经营部；（行政）部门，司，局，厅；（大学）系。division n. 分开；部门。section n. 部分；部门，科；章节；截面，剖面。category n. 类，种类，类别。
departure [diˈpɑːtʃə(r)] n. 启程，出发，离开
depend [diˈpend] vi. 依靠，依赖；依……而定
①That depends. [It all depends.]［口］要看情况而定。②You may depend upon it．［口］肯定无疑；放心好了。③depend on [upon] 依靠；由……而定，取决于；从属于；依赖其维持
【派】dependable, dependability, dependence, independent
depict [diˈpikt] v. 描写，描述
deploy [diˈplɔi] v. 部署，调动
deposit [diˈpɔzit] n. 堆积物，沉淀物，存款，押金，保证金，存放物
vt. 存放，堆积
vi. 沉淀
depress [diˈpres] vt. 使沮丧，使消沉，压下，压低，使不活泼，使萧条
deprive [diˈpraiv] vi. 剥夺，使丧失；免去
deputy [ˈdepjuti] n. ①代理人，代表
②副手
When the headmaster is away the ______headmaster looks after the school for him.
A. junior
B. deputy
C. authoritative
D. dignified
【答案】B. deputy n./a. 副职，副手（a deputy director；the deputy head of the department；the Deputy Assistant Secretary［美］助理国务卿帮办）。junior a. 级别较低的，资历较浅的；较年轻的。authoritative a. 权威性的，可信的。dignified a. 有尊严的。
derive [diˈraiv] v. 从……得到；源自；导出
From this material we can derive hundreds of what you may call direct products．从这种材料中我们可以获取数百种你称之为“直接产品”的东西。
【试题精练】I seem to have reached a rather gloomy conclusion, but I think that something cheerful may still be______from it.
A. derived
B. extracted
C. abstracted
D. adapted
【答案】A. derive (from) vt. 取得，得到；起源，衍生；追溯……的起源（如He derives much pleasure from his books. Many English words derive/are derived from French.）。extract vt. 提取，提炼；设法得到（情报）；抽出，拔出。abstract vt. 提炼出，抽象出，写出提纲。adapt vt. 使适应，使适合；改编，改写。
derivative [diˈrivətiv] n. 派生物，衍生物 a. 非独创性的，模仿他人的
descend [diˈsend] vi. 下来，下降
On turning round the corner we saw the road______steeply.
A. falling
B. decreasing
C. descending
D. lowering
【答案】C. descend vi. 下降，下来；往下走；降生。fall vi. 落下；下降；减弱。decrease v. 减小，减少。lower vt. 放下，降下，放低。
descendant [diˈsend(ə)nt] n. 子孙，后代（child, offspring）
descent [diˈsent] n. ①下降，下倾②斜坡，坡道③血统，世系
describe [diˈskraib] vt. 描绘，叙述；把……说成
Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. 有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如“轻踩刹车”或“操纵经济软着陆”，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。而事实远非好此。
【试题精练】 His employer______him as lacking in initiative and drive.
A. accounted
B. ascribed
C. commented
D. described
【答案】D. describe (as) vt. 形容，描写（如I can't describe to you what I felt at that moment. I should describe the attempt as a failure/as unsuccessful.）。account for 说明，解释（原因）（不能说account sb as）。ascribe (to) vt. 把……归因于；把……归属于（不能说ascribe…as）。comment (on) vi. 评论。
description [diˈskripʃ(ə)n] n. 描写，记述，形容，种类，描述
deserve [diˈzəːv] vt. 值得；应受
①deserve ill [well, better] of 有罪［功］于②rightly deserve 完全应得（惩罚）
【长难例句】There are, of course, exceptions. Small minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. 当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的侍者，和没有礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见，这使得它值得被讨论一下。
【试题精练】I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I______a rest.
A. deserve
B. prefer
C. entitle
D. receive
【答案】A. deserve vt. 应得到，应受到（如He deserved this glory/the praise/punishment.）。prefer vt. 更喜欢，宁愿。entitle（sb to sth/to＋词原形）vt. 给……以权利（或资格）。receive vt. 收到，得到。
This machine is of bad design. 这部机器设计很差。
They have designs on your money. 他们对你的钱有企图。
designate [ˈdeziɡneit] v. ①指明，标明，指出
②指派，指定
desirable [diˈzaiərəb(ə)l] a. ①称心如意的；可取的
②引起愿望的；引起*的；引起占有欲的
We're moving to a more______neighborhood.
A. desirous
B. desirable
C. preferable
D. respectful
【答案】B. desirable a. 值得向往的，值得拥有的；好的，不错的，可取的（如There are several desirable houses in this street. It is desirable for us to go there/that he should attend the conference.）（注意从句谓语用虚拟式）。desirous a. 想要的，渴望的（desirous of/to＋动词原形/that sb do）。preferable (to) a. 更可取的，更好的，更合意的。respectful (to) a. 恭敬的，尊敬的。
desolate [ˈdesəleit] a. ①荒芜的，荒凉的
②孤寂的，凄凉的
【词义辨析】despair, desperation和hopelessness
despair：指失去希望后感到的失望或绝望，暗含灰心丧气的意思，不可数名词，但可用the despair of sb表示“令人没有希望的人或物”。desperation：指面对预料中的失败，以不顾任何后果、不理智的方式作为最后抗争或努力的手段。hopelessness：指完全失去或放弃希望并不打算再作努力，甘愿忍受任何结果。
【试题精练】Alone in London, without friends, work or money, Shelley fell into______.
A. despair
B. disappointment
C. dissatisfaction
D. disgust
【答案】A. despair n. 绝望。disappointment n. 失望。dissatisfaction n. 不满意。disgust n. 厌恶。
despatch/dispatch [diˈspætʃ] v./n. 派遣
②孤注一掷的；拼死的
③艰难的；危难的
A______man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
A. distressed
B. wretched
C. miserable
D. desperate
【答案】D. desperate a. （人）绝望的；（局面）严重的，危急的；（由于绝望而）不顾一切的，拼死的（如He was desperate after the failure of his plans. Desperate diseases must have desperate remedies. He had a desperate (强烈的) desire to justify himself. The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape.）。distressed a. （常作表语）痛苦的，难受的。wretched a. （常作定语）不幸的，可怜的；令人苦恼的，讨厌的。miserable a. 痛苦的，悲惨的，可怜的。
despise [diˈspaiz] vt. 鄙视，藐视
despite [diˈspait] prep. 不管，任凭
【习惯用语】①die of despite 抱恨而死，冤死②in sb's despite［古］不顾某人劝告；尽管某人做出努力③despite all that 尽管如此（in）
dessert [diˈzəːt] n. （作为正餐最后一道菜的）甜食，甜点心
destination [ˌdestiˈneiʃ(ə)n] n. ①目的地，终点
②目的，目标
end, goal, objective, purpose, target, aim
③注定
④车站
We travel from our starting point to our______.
A. end
B. conclusion
C. destination
D. terminal
【答案】C. destination n. 目的地，终点；目标，目的（如My destination is Beijing. They reached their destination without mishap.）。end n. 目标，目的；末尾。conclusion n. 结尾；结论，推论；缔结，议定。terminal n. （火车或汽车的）终点（站），末端；终端，接线端。
destiny [ˈdestini] n. ①命运②天数，天命
destroy [diˈstrɔi] vt. 摧毁；消灭；粉碎
①destroy itself 自灭②destroy oneself 自*
destruction [diˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n. ①破坏，毁灭，消灭
②引起毁灭的根源；毁灭的原因
Pride was her destruction. 骄傲是她致命的弱点。
destructive [diˈstrʌktiv] a. 破坏（性）的，毁灭（性）的
detach [diˈtætʃ] vt. 分离，拆开
detain [diˈtein] v. ①拘留，扣押
②阻止
A policeman detects criminals. 警察侦察出罪犯。Can you______an escape of gas in this corner of the room?
A. sense
B. detect
C. discover
D. determine
【答案】B. detect vt. 察觉，发现（如Could you detect any odor in the room? I detected some anger in his voice. He detected a fault in my car.）。sense vt. 意识到，觉得。discover vt. 发现；暴露，显示。determine vt. 决定；查明，确定；决心。
detection [diˈtekʃ(ə)n] n. 觉察，发觉；侦察，探测
detective [diˈtektiv] a. 侦察（用）的
detector [diˈtektə(r)] n. 探测器
deteriorate [diˈtiəriəreit] v. （使）恶化，败坏
detrimental [ˌdetriˈmentl] a. 有害的，不利的
devastate [ˈdevəstei] v. ①使荒芜，破坏
②压倒
deviate [ˈdiːvieit] v. ①（使）背离，（使）偏离
②缠绕，蜿蜒
a. 脱离常规的
devil [ˈdev(ə)l] n. ①恶魔；家伙②精力旺盛的人；好冒险的人③用来加强语气What the devil happened? 究竟发生了什么事？
【习惯用语】①go to the devil 堕落；毁灭②Go to the devil! 马上滚开！见鬼去吧! ③the very devil 艰难；痛苦
devise [diˈvaiz] vt. 设计，发明
The boys are trying to______some scheme of earning money.
A. make
B. develop
C. produce
D. devise
【答案】D. devise vt. 想出，设计出，发明（to devise away of/a method of＋动词ing形式／a plan for＋动词ing形式／how to＋动词原形）。make vt. 做，制造。develop vt. 开发，研制。produce vt. 生产，制造；出示。
dew [djuː] n. 露水
