镜像下载、域名解析、时间同步请点击
请注意k8s在1.24版本不支持docker容器，本文使用kubeadm进行搭建
1.1 安装k8s时，临时关闭swap ，如果不关闭在执行kubeadm部分命令会报错
swapoff -a
或直接注释swap（需要重启生效）
[root@hhdcloudrd7 /]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Apr 19 11:43:17 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos_hhdcloudrd6-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=13a8fe45-33c8-4258-a434-133ce183d3c3 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
#/dev/mapper/centos_hhdcloudrd6-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
1.2 安装k8s时，可以临时关闭selinux，减少额外配置
setenforce 0
或修改 /etc/sysconfig/SELINUX 文件 后重启
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
1.3 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
1.4 启用 bridge-nf-call-iptables 预防网络问题
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
1.5 设置网桥参数
cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
1.6 修改hosts文件 方便查看域名映射
[root@hhdcloudrd7 /]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.34.7 k8s-master
192.168.5.129 k8s-node1
192.168.34.8 k8s-node2
1.7 查看系统版本信息 修改hostname
[root@localhost /]# hostnamectl
Static hostname: localhost.localdomain
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 5c2c4826a7cd442a85c37d3b4dba39e0
Boot ID: 3f70bab69c37412da8eada29d50cc12c
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1
su root
1.8 查看cpu信息 k8s安装至少需要2核2G的环境，否则会安装失败
lscpu
2. 安装docker
进入查看docker基础
2.1 使用阿里云安装
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun
2.2 修改docker的 /etc/docker/daemon.json文件
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://t81qmnz6.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
2.3 修改完成后 重启docker ，使docker与kubelet的cgroup 驱动一致
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable docker
2.4 查看kubelet驱动
cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml |grep group
3.安装kubeadm kubelet kubectl
3.1 配置k8s下载资源配置文件
cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/Kubernetes.repo < EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
3.2 安装 kubelet kubeadm kubectl
yum install -y --nogpgcheck kubelet-1.23.5 kubeadm-1.23.5 kubectl-1.23.5
- kubelet ：运行在cluster，负责启动pod管理容器
- kubeadm ：k8s快速构建工具，用于初始化cluster
- kubectl ：k8s命令工具，部署和管理应用，维护组件
3.2.1 查看是否安装成功
kubelet --version
kubectl version
kubeadm version
3.3 启动kubelet
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
3.4 拉取init-config配置 并修改配置
ps. init-config 主要是由 api server、etcd、scheduler、controller-manager、coredns等镜像构成
kubeadm config print init-defaults > init-config.yaml
3.4.1 修改 刚才拉取的init-config.yaml文件
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
[root@localhost /]# cat init-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 192.168.34.7 #master节点IP地址
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: master #master节点node的名称
taints: null
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers #修改为阿里云地址
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.23.0
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}
3.5 拉取k8s相关镜像
kubeadm config images pull --config=init-config.yaml
多次尝试都是超时,上网时找了很多方法依旧不行，之后找到一个命令可以查看需要拉取的镜像
使用下边的命令可以查看 需要拉取的镜像
[root@localhost /]# kubeadm config images list --config init-config.yaml
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.23.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.23.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.23.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.23.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.3-0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.6
同理可得 以下脚本
#!/bin/bash
images=`kubeadm config images list --config init-config.yaml`
if [[ -n ${images} ]]
then
echo "开始拉取镜像"
for i in ${images};
do
echo $i
docker pull $i;
done
else
echo "没有可拉取的镜像"
fi
最终拉取镜像成功 注意我图片上是1.24版本 这个版本不支持docker容器 给大家提个醒
3.6 运行kubeadm init安装master节点 主要两种方法 2选一即可
主要是初始化master节点 其他node节点通过 kubeadm join 进来
#方法一
kubeadm init --config=init-config.yaml
#方法二
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.34.7 --apiserver-bind-port=6443 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --kubernetes-version=1.23.5 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
推荐使用第二种方法，我在使用第一种方法时候遇到了网络插件pod启动失败导致corndns的pod也创建失败的情况，我是用的是kube-flannel，他的状态一直是CrashLoopBackOff 经过查看log信息，需要去
/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml下增加这两条信息
--allocate-node-cidrs=true
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
下载完成后可以看到这个界面
ps. 如果下载失败执行 kubeadm reset ，重新执行kubeadm init
