副词,主要用来修饰其他词的,起辅助作用,副有辅助的含义。副词一般不能单独使用,附着性较强,在句子中对动词、形容词这些主要实词起辅助、修饰、限制作用。
如果说实词是红花,属于虚词的副词就是绿叶。
副词的分类有时间相关的副词
now,then,often,always,usually,next,lastday,already,generally,frequently,seldom,rarely,hardly,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. once,twice,lately,recently,personally,today,yet
地点副词
here, there, everywhere, anywhere,somewhere, in, out, inside, outside,above, below, up,down, back, forward, home,upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.……
方式副词
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally,fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly,warmly ,slowly,badly,hard,bravely
程度副词
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly,enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly, hardly
疑问副词
how, when, where, why
关系副词
when, where, why
连接副词
therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then,when ,where,how,why
表顺序的副词
first,then,next,finally,afterwards,primarily
用语完成时的副词
already,ever,just,never,since,yet,recently 副词的作用
1. 作状语
1) 作状语修饰动词
* Have you seen him lately? 你最近见到过他吗?
* The little girl was badly treated by her step-mother. 这个小女孩受到她继母的虐待。
* He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气,把信撕碎了。
* If you don't mind, David wants to see you personally in his office. 如果你不介意,大卫想在他的办公室与你单独见面。
* Strictly scolded by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head. 女孩被老师严厉地批评着,坐在那里头也没抬。
2) 修饰形容词
* Tom is fairly clever,but Peter is rather stupid.汤姆相当聪明,而彼得就颇笨
* The boxes are not big enough.这个盒子不够大。
* Some animals are really pretty and lovely. 一些动物真是很漂亮很可爱的。
3) 修饰副词
* You're driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
* I can't hear very clearly. 我听得不是很清楚。
* They worked very hard this morning. 他们今天早上工作很努力。
4) 修饰整个句子
* Usually I go to bed at ten. 通常我十点上床睡觉。
* Frankly, I am not satisfied with your work.说实在的,我对你的工作不满意。
2. 作表语
* The fire has been out for half an hour. 火已熄灭半个小时了。
* The gas is off. 煤气关上了。
* Time is up. Let's hurry. 时间到了。咱们快点吧!
* Is your mother in? 你母亲在家吗?
* Class is over. 下课了。
* Is the radio on or off? 收音机是开着的还是关着的?
* What's up? 发生了什么事?
* One of the tyres is down. 一只轮胎没气了。
* Have you been abroad before? 你以前出过国吗?
3. 作定语
副词可位于名词后作定语。
* The man upstairs felt very angry with the man downstairs.楼上的人对楼下的人非常生气。
* Life here is full of joy. 这儿的生活充满了欢乐。
* The shops around are very cheap. 附近商店的东西很便宜。
4. 作宾语补足语
* We must try to help him through. 我们必须设法帮他渡过难关。
* Her mother kept her away from school. 她妈妈不让她上学了。
* Do you want to ask her in? 你想让她进来吗?
* They saw me off last week. 上周他们为我送行。
5. 用于构成成语动词
* She doesn't give up easily. 她做任何事都不轻易放弃。
* He always gets up early in the morning. 他早上总是很早起床。
* What time am I supposed to check in? 我该什么时候去办理登记手续?
副词的位置1. 多数副词放在动词后面,或者放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前。 如果实义动词后有宾语,则放于宾语之后。
* I am also Bush.我也是布什。
* I can also do that.我也可以这样做。
* I also want to play that games.我也想玩这游戏。
* I get up early in the morning every day.每一天的早晨我都起得很早。
* We can go to this school freely.我们可以免费到这家学校学习。
* They left a life hardly then.当时他们的生活很艰难。
* I have seen this film twice with my friends.这部电影我和朋友看过两次。
2. 副词修饰形容词时,一般放在被修饰词之前,但enough除外。
注意:enough的用法,记住口诀,名前形后。即enough放在名词之前,形容词之后。
* It's rather easy, I can do it.这很容易,我能做到。
* He did it quite well.他做得相当好。
* It's rather difficult to tell who is right. 很难说谁是对的。
* He didn't run fast enough to catch the train.他的奔跑速度不足以快到能够追上火车。
3. 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。
* I often help him these days.这些日子我经常帮助他。
* You couldn't always help me.你不能老是帮助我。
* We usually go shopping once a week.我们通常一周买一次东西。
* The new students don't always go to dance.新学生并不时常去跳舞。
4. 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。
* When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习?
* Can you tell me how you did it?你能告诉我你如何做的吗?
* First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。
* How much does this bike cost?这辆车子多少钱?
5. 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面,时间副词在后面。
* We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.
昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.
* What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon?
昨天下午你在教室里干什么?
* The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago.
这场事故在一小时前发生在十一号大街。
6. 否定副词在句首,句子要部分倒装。
* Never have I felt so excited! 我从来没有觉得这么激动!
形容词变副词的规则一、 在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:
real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; hopeful-hopefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly polite-politely, wide-widely
二、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:
busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily happy-happily heavy-heavily
noisy----noisily;healthy----healthily;naughty, pretty ,thirsty ,lazy,
三、 以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y:如:
true-truly
四、 以le 结尾的形容词,去e 加y 变成副词:
terrible-terribl;gentle-gently; possible-possibly; probable—probably;
responsible—responsibly;comfortable----comfortably;gentle----gently;
simple----simply
capable有能力的 simple简单的 gentle温柔enjoyable 快乐的
fashionable 时髦的 enjoyable 快乐的 comfortable 舒服的,舒适的
lovable 可爱的 washable 可洗的,耐洗的 suitable 适当的,相配的
lovable 可爱的suitable 适当的,相配的
五、另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud (adj.)-aloud (adv.)
注意:
1.多音节y结尾的词 将y改为i后加ly:
easy-easily happy-happily heavy-heavily
2.单音节y结尾的词 直接加ly:
gay-gayly (gaily) ; sly-slyly (slily)
3.以ll结尾的词 只加y full-fully :
4.以ic结尾的词 加ally :
automatic-automatically ;energetic-energetically
5.其他形容词均加ly:
careful-carefully ;glad-gladly
6.本身既是形容词也是副词,无需改变:
fast----fast early----early high----high hard----hard
late----late far----far wide----wide alone----alone
7.虽然以ly结尾,但却是形容词,不能直接用来修饰动词
friendly lively lovely lonely likely
8.有些形容词本身即为副词,同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样,使用时需注意
wide(形容词,宽阔的,睁大的)----wide(副词,睁大地)/widely(副词,广泛地)
high(形容词,高的)----high(副词,高地)/highly(副词,高度地)
hard副词容易写成hardly, hardly意思为“几乎不”,与hard无任何关系
9..形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀:
一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。
分别举例如下: quick—quickly, true—truly, happy—happily, possible—possibly.
阅读理解题中重要的三类副词连接副词:
therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, furthermore, still, thus, meanwhile等。
强调副词:
就是通过强调使之成为人们注意的焦点的副词,常见的有:
only, alone, also, even, just, merely, simply, mainly, especially, exactly, too, as well等。
传递态度的副词:
就是修饰整个句子,表达说话人的观点态度的副词,常见的有:
frankly, honestly, clearly, obviously, evidently, generally, briefly, fortunately, luckily, unexpectedly, naturally, hopefully等。
最重要最基础的6个副词1. enough
足够地,修饰形容词和副词,放在它们的后面,比如:
long enough:足够长
old enough:足够到(年龄)
这个词需要注意的是一个很重要的句型:it is ... enough to do ... ,表示“干啥啥是足够怎么怎么样的”,如果要交代对谁谁谁来说,还要用上介词for。这个句型中,it 形式上是主语,其实真正的主语是后面的 to do 。例如:
It's easy enough for me to deal with it.
处理这件事对我来说,足够容易。enough 修饰前面的 easy
Is it difficult enough for him to climb over?
爬过去对他来说,足够难么?enough 修饰 difficult
2. too:太
我们得想想,什么时候才会使用“太”:当超过了某种限度的时候,所以一旦用到“太”,就会有一个限制,或者说含有一个否定,比如:
too high:太高(够不着)
too young:太小(没经验)
too small:太小(尺寸不够)
对于 too 作为 “太”来讲,也有一个重要句型:too ... to ...,意为“太......而不能......”,也可以加上 for 谁谁谁,虽然句子中没有 not,但却是有个否定的含义在其中。
Your brother is too young to join the club. 你弟弟太小,不能加入这个俱乐部。
The bed is too small for Yao Ming to sleep in. 这张床太小了,姚明睡不下。
The surface of the moon is too hot for Yutu-2 to work on. 月球表面太热了,玉兔二号得休息。
3. so,如此地
这个词,也有一个非常重要的句型,so ... that ...,含义是“如此的 ...... 导致 ......”,比如:
The surface of the moon in the daytime is so hot that our Yutu-2 that she must have a nap. 月球表面白天的温度很高,玉兔二号必须打个盹儿。
4. very、很
这个大家太熟悉了:
very busy:很忙
very lazy:很懒惰
very late:很晚
5. quite、很
这样就得区别一下 quite 和 very,如果用 quite 表示“很”的程度,应该比 very 更甚。
It's quite expensive. 相当地贵了。
6. much,非常
这里必须得注意,very 和 much 都有“很”“非常”的意思,但是,你不会说 very taller ,而只会说 much taller,就是说 very 不修饰比较级,而 much 可以。
He works much harder than you do. 他比你工作勤奋得多。
另外,much 用于否定句含有“不太”之意:
I don't like black coffee much. 我不太喜欢清咖啡。