第一部分 略
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Popular Tickets of Stagecoach Bus
Dayrider
Travel as much as you like in one day
With Stagecoach Dayrider bus tickets you can make as many journeys as you like for one day. They offer more value for money than buying a single or return, as you can travel on all Stagecoach buses within your chosen ticket zone. Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App or buy them on the bus. With the contactless payment now available on all our buses, you dont need to worry about finding the correct change!
Bus and Boat
Unlimited bus travel for one day in the selected zone, plus a boat ride
Explore the countryside on buses, then enjoy the fine mountain views from the deck of a boat. You can board one of our many boats or steamers located at four of the districts most outstanding lakes. Stagecoach has combined bus & boat tickets which are available for Coniston Water, Derwent Water, Ullswater and Windermere.
Sightseeing Tickets
Never get lost and dont miss a thing
Hop on and hop off all day as much as you like at any of the bus stops on the route and see all the best sights and attractions your chosen town or city has to offer. Youll also learn lots of history along the way from one of our expert guides.
Student Tickets
Flexible student bus tickets
Are you a student and getting ready for the new term? You can travel for a lot less money with Stagecoachs student bus tickets. Youll need a current student ID card with a photo to buy a Stagecoach student ticket. The name on your ID card will need to match the name on your ticket.
21.What is true about the Dayrider ticket?
A. You need the correct change to buy it. B. You can use it to travel anywhere in the city.
C. It can be purchased with your mobile phone. D. It can be used in any bus company.
22.If you want to go sightseeing around one of the lake areas, which ticket is the most suitable?
A. Dayrider. B. Bus and Boat.
C. Sightseeing Tickets. D. Student Tickets.
23.What is needed if you want to buy a student ticket?
A. A photo of yourself. B. Your name.
C. The bus app. D. A valid student ID card.
B
When Allen invited me to go on a camping trip to the mountains, I imagined a wooden cabin overlooking a lake, with a warm fireplace, hot chocolate, and soft beds. But my happy image became a nightmare when Allen and his older brother, Leo, showed up with a truck filled with camping equipment—tents, sleeping bags, and water bottles. We were going on survival training!
Leo was keen to leave the city behind us and urged us to hurry. Several hours later, as we drove through the forest, the mountains seemed bigger than I remembered; the trees were larger, and the environment felt more threatening.
At the trailhead, Leo tied a sleeping bag onto my already heavy pack and lectured Allen and me about hiking rules. Then, with Leo in front we set off along the narrow and steep dirt track that wound up the mountains.
After 6 hours of climbing, we finally reached the top. My legs were aching and I dropped my pack and groaned but there was no time to rest. We need to set up camp quickly, said Leo. There are dark clouds coming in. A storms on its way.
I thought he was kidding, but Leo was quite serious. He and Allen worked expertly, while I stood around and pretended to help, thunder rumbling (发出隆隆声) in the distance. We just finished putting up the tents when it hit. The wind, thunder, and lightning were relentless (持续强烈的).
Leo, sensing that I was scared, started telling us some stories about his camping adventures. But each time lightning lit up the tent and the thunder echoed, I jumped. Dont worry. Summer storms pass quickly, Leo said, trying to comfort me. And at least the rain will keep the bears away, he said with a teasing smile, which was less comforting.
And just as quickly as the storm came rushing in, it passed, and we exited the tent. The view was incredible—I could see for miles. As darkness set in, I stared in wonder at the millions of stars glowing in the night sky.
I wouldnt lie—I was still wishing for a hot shower and a soft bed, but as I gazed upward at the Milky Way, I knew this was an adventure I would never forget.
24.Why did the author think his happy image became a nightmare?
A. Allen had arrived earlier than arranged. B. He saw that Allen was not well prepared.
C. He realized their trip would be challenging. D. Allens brother was unexpectedly with him.
25.Why was it necessary to set up camp immediately after reaching the mountain top?
A. It was almost night time. B. The weather was changing.
C. They were tired and needed to rest. D. They needed protection from animals.
26.What can we know about Leo?
A. He is an experienced and capable hiker. B. He is inconsiderate.
C. He had known the author for a long time. D. He had not been to this mountain before.
27.How did the author feel at the end of the story?
A. Tired. B. Optimistic.
C. Scared. D. Disappointed.
C
Sleep, considered a luxury by many, is essential for a person’s well-being. Researchers have found that insufficient sleep and tiredness increase a person’s risk of developing severe medical conditions, such as obesity (肥胖症), high blood sugar levels, and heart disease. Now, a new study has found that getting sufficient sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.
Jeffrey Gross, the university science professor who led the research, was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and grades when he handed out smartwatches to the 100 students in his chemistry class. Instead, the professor hoped the wrist-worn devices, which track a persons physical activity, would show a connection between exercise and academic achievements.
While Grosss data showed no relationship between these two factors, the study found something surprising. As the researchers were analyzing their data, they noticed that there was a linear (线性的) relationship between the average amount of sleep the students got and their results in the course’s 11 quizzes, three midterm tests, and the final exam.
Even more interesting, it was not sufficient for students to just head to bed early the night before a test. Instead, its the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most.
When students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in the early hours of the morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher-performing student. When you go to bed matters, Gross says. If you go to bed at 10, or 12, or 1 at night, and sleep for seven hours, your performance is the same. But if you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours sleep. So, quantity isnt everything.
Perhaps the most interesting was the huge impact that small differences in sleep patterns had on the students grades. The overall course grades of students averaging six and a half hours of sleep each night were 25% lower than students who averaged just one hour more sleep. Similarly, students who varied their bedtime by even one hour each night had grades that dropped 45% below those with more regular bedtime.
Who knew getting straight As just required some extra sleep?
28.Based on his original objective, which best describes Professor Grosss research findings?
A. Accidental. B. Complete.
C. Convincing. D. Doubtful.
29.Who were the people taking part in the study?
A. Middle school chemistry students. B. Volunteers from different universities.
C. Professor Grosss own students. D. University student athletes.
30.How did Professor Grosss team measure students academic performance ?
A. Making the students wear special watches.
B. Using students university entrance test results.
C. Giving the students regular quizzes after class.
D. Using the students normal test and quiz grades.
31.Based on the studys findings, who is likely to perform best academically?
A. A student who has a good nights sleep the night before an important test.
B. A student whose normal bedtime varies between 9 p.m. and 12 p.m.
C. A student who sleeps from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. each day.
D. A student who sleeps for a total of 7 hours each night.
D
How affordable is high culture? One great myth (错误观念) of our time is that tickets for opera, theatre, ballets and orchestral (管弦乐的) concerts are too expensive, especially for the young. This is infuriating as, in Britain, at least, the claim is ridiculous and offensive. The cheap tickets to hear London’s orchestras range from ￡7 to ￡9—the same as a cinema ticket, and lower than the entry price to many pop music and comedy clubs. For comparison, when the Los Angeles Philharmonic performs with top soloists and conductors the cheapest seat is ￡30; and at the Berlin Philharmonic it’s an expensive ￡46.
Finding cheap tickets to the opera and ballet isn’t so easy. Actually, British companies don’t charge the ridiculously high prices found on the Continent (￡2,000 for a good seat at the premiere of La Scala’s Carmen last December), but the tickets are still pretty steep. Large fees paid to star performers mostly account for that. Luckily, however, one spectacular technological innovation has transformed the scene. It’s live cinema transmissions (节目播送). The Metropolitan Opera in New York now beams its shows to 800 cinemas round the world, and British companies aren’t far behind. Cinematic opera is excellent value. For the cost of a good bottle of wine (￡10 or ￡15 for the Royal Opera House’s shows), you can sit in your local movie house and see a high-definition relay of what’s occurring on the worlds grandest stages. No, its not the same as being there, but its almost as good. The sound is incredible. The images of dancers are fantastic. And you can react to the show as part of a live audience, rather than sitting on your own at home.
To me, a mountain of evidence, together with free museum admission, indicates that the arts world should stop worrying that its audiences are still mostly middle-class. Anyone who can afford to visit a pub can also afford to see top-quality drama, music and dance. The real battle now should be ensuring that schoolchildren are given enough tastes of high culture to make them want to buy all those cheap tickets when they grow up.
32.What does the underlined word infuriating in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Quite interesting. B. Very annoying.
C. Not certain. D. Extremely obvious.
33.What is the main reason for expensive opera tickets?
A. The amount of money charged by top performers.
B. The costly technology required for broadcasting.
C. The demand of companies for big profits.
D. The high cost of renting the stages.
34.Which of the following is true about cinematic opera?
A. People can decide where to watch the opera.
B. Audiences are discouraged from responding to the performances.
C. It provides an inexpensive way of enjoying a live opera performance.
D. The sound and visual quality are superior to the live performance.
35.Which statement would the author agree with?
A. The quality of opera performances is improving.
B. High culture is becoming more affordable in Europe.
C. The cost of access to high culture activities should be lowered.
D. Children should be encouraged to participate in high culture events.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learning to understand spoken English can be difficult. Learners must not only master new phrases, but also learn conversational idioms. Thats a lot to learn! But they may soon realize there is something else going on.
36 These different styles of speaking are called registers. In their work, language experts identify three major factors that affect the register of spoken English: the place of the conversation, the relationship between the speakers, and the purpose of the conversation.
37 Even two best friends who work and live together may speak more formally to each other in the office. At home, one might say, Cmon I wanna leave. The same person at work might say, Are you ready to go now?
The relationship between the speakers also affects the language they use when talking with each other. People speak less formally to friends and more formally to strangers. 38 People who know each other well might use more idioms and more slang in their speech. An angry woman might tell her daughter to hush your mouth and her sister to quiet down.
Finally, the purpose of the conversation affects peoples speech. A person who wants to ease hurt feelings uses a soft, quiet tone. 39
Few speakers realize that they change registers according to these factors. 40 We are not aware that we make these changes. We accept the changeability of the weather, but we often refuse to accept the changeability of speech.
A. In fact, most people strongly deny it.
B. People generally speak less at work than they do at home.
C. The very same person speaks differently in different situations.
D. Therefore, we should be careful not to hurt each other with our speech.
E. On the other hand, a person who wants to pick a fight speaks rapidly and loudly.
F. The place where the conversation takes place directly affects the language of the conversation.
G. Because they already share information and experience with friends, they do not need to explain as much.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you ever heard someone say that he can’t see the forest for the trees? If so, you may have 41 what this curious phrase means. If you can see the trees, how is the forest not 42 ?
This popular phrase accurately describes situations in which people sometimes get so caught up with the 43 that they lose sight of the big picture. 44 , youre paying so much attention to the trees that you forget that the trees are just part of a 45 forest.
This is a problem we all 46 from time to time. When observing our world, its easy to focus on interesting details and 47 larger aspects. For 48 , though, its important to be able to focus on both the forest and the trees.
Since the 49 of scientific inquiry thousands of years ago, observations have been 50 . The first scientists used their 51 to see, hear, smell, feel, and taste the world around them. Through these 52 , they learned about their world and began to search for answers to the questions that 53 arose.
Today, scientists 54 rely upon their five senses to make observations. However, they also take advantage of modern 55 to make observations with a wide variety of tools. These enable them to see the world in ways beyond what their five senses 56 .
From satellite telescopes to atomic-force microscopes, 57 scientists use these tools to observe the world in ways never 58 by early scientists. Some of these tools allow them to 59 small details while others help them to see the big 60 .
41.A. wondered B. believed C. explained D. described
42. A. acceptable B. accessible C. visible D. possible
43. A. reasons B. problems C. effects D. details
44. A. In contrast B. In return C. In other words D. In the meantime
45. A. better B. larger C. clearer D. greener
46. A. seek out B. pass by C. agree on D. meet with
47. A. catch B. ignore C. comprehend D. misuse
48. A. observers B. farmers C. scientists D. leaders
49. A. beginning B. separation C. recovery D. removal
50. A. forgotten B. welcomed C. impossible D. important
51. A. senses B. feelings C. environments D. experiences
52. A. errors B. gifts C. observations D. inventions
53. A. luckily B. naturally C. exactly D. occasionally
54. A. even B. yet C. never D. still
55. A. technologies B. theories C. discoveries D. efforts
56. A. release B. allow C. prefer D. enjoy
57. A. famous B. young C. popular D. modern
58. A. imagined B. suggested C. remembered D. convinced
59. A. create B. study C. copy D. choose
60. A. cause B. change C. picture D. achievement
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all know clean water is important for good health. But now we also know we should watch 61 we keep our water in. Plastic bottles hardened with a dangerous material 62 (call) BPA can release a chemical into our water that harms our bodies. Since 2011, many countries 63 (ban) plastic with BPA from use in food containers and feeding bottles. But are other non-BPA plastics safe?
Plastic labeled BPA-free might use other chemicals that have 64 (harm) effects on health. 65 (study) have shown that low levels of those chemicals might have the same effects as BPA. So, what should people do? The 66 (good) material to drink from is glass, 67 has no chemicals that can poison water.
Another good choice 68 a water container is a stainless steel (不锈钢) bottle. Stainless steel bottles are better than aluminum (铝) bottles, which are covered with thin plastic 69 (protect) the metal from acids (酸). There are many good food-grade stainless steel water bottles on the market.
If you do decide to use a reusable plastic water bottle, avoid 70 (keep) it in the sun. Sunlight and hot liquid speed up the release of chemicals into your drinking water.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last week, I quarrel with my parents about spending too much time in my cellphone. I felt exhausting that day, and became very angry even though they talked to me in a friend way.
I now feel ashamed and am writing with this article to apologize. There are people in the world I value, such as teacher and friends. Moreover, the most important people to me is my parents. It is them who raise me and give me a happy life. I want them to know that Im deeply sorry and will try to be good person and make them proud.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
你校的体育节刚刚结束。请给学校英语报写一篇报道，报道体育节的主要活动、精彩瞬间及意义。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.报道的开头已为你写好，但不计人总词数。
参考词汇：开幕式opening ceremony
The school sports carnival, which took place last Friday and Saturday, was a great success.
答案与解析
第一部分 略
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
【语篇解读】本文介绍了Stagecoach Bus四种受欢迎的车票及其相关信息。
21.C 【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【答案分析】根据Dayrider部分中的“Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App”可知，Dayrider车票可以使用手机购买。故选C。
22.B 【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【答案分析】根据Bus and Boat部分中的“You can board one of our many boats or steamers located at four of the district’s most outstanding lakes”可知，如果你想去湖区观光，Bus and Boat车票最适合。故选B。
23.D 【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【答案分析】根据Student Tickets部分中的“You’ll need a current student ID card with a photo to buy a Stagecoach student ticket”可知，如果想要买学生票，那么就需要有当前的且上面有照片的学生证。故选D。
【语篇解读】当Allen邀请作者去山中进行一次野营旅行时，作者想象了一个美好的场景，但当看到Allen与他的哥哥Leo带了一卡车野营装备时，作者的想象变成了一场噩梦——他们是去进行生存训练的。
24.C 【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【答案分析】根据第一段的内容尤其是“we were going on survival training!”可知，当Allen邀请作者去进行野营旅行时，作者对这次野营旅行充满了美好的想象，但当看到Allen和他的哥哥准备的野营装备时，作者才意识到他们将去进行“生存训练”。由此可推知，作者意识到他们的旅行将充满挑战，所以认为自己的美好想象变成了一场噩梦。故选C。
25.B 【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【答案分析】根据第四段中的“There are dark clouds coming in．A storm’s on its way”可知，他们之所以一到山顶就开始搭帐篷，是因为变天了，暴风雨就要到来。故选B。
26.A 【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【答案分析】根据第三段第一句中的“Leo tied a sleeping bag...lectured Allen and me about hiking rules”、第四段中Leo对天气状况的判断以及第五段第二句中的“He and Allen worked expertly”可推知，Leo是一位有经验且有能力的徒步旅行者。故选A。
【干扰项分析】根据第六段中的“sensing that I was scared...his camping adventures”以及“trying to comfort me”可知，Leo很体贴人，故B项错误；文章没有提到Leo之前是否认识作者以及是否去过这座山，故C、D两项错误。
27.B 【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【答案分析】根据第七段第二句中的“The view was incredible”以及第八段中的“I knew this was an adventure I would never forget”可推知，在故事的最后作者对这次野营旅行持乐观的态度。故选B。
【语篇解读】一项新的研究发现，每天在恰当的时间段内进行充足的睡眠是提高学业成绩的关键。
28.A 【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【答案分析】根据第二段的内容以及第三段第一句“while Gross’s data showed no relationship between these two factors，the study found something surprising”可知，Gross给自己班里的100名学生分发智能手表是打算研究运动与学业成绩之间的联系，但是Gross搜集到的数据没有表明二者之间的联系，不过该研究有意外的发现。故选A。
29.C 【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【答案分析】根据第二段第一句中的“he handed out smartwatches to the 100 students in his chemistry class”可知，参加研究的是Gross自己的学生。故选C。
30.D 【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【答案分析】根据第三段第二句“As the researchers were analyzing their data...their results in the course’s 11 quizzes，three midterm tests，and the final exam”可知，当研究人员分析他们的数据时，他们注意到学生的平均睡眠时间与他们在这门课的11次小测验、3次期中考试和期末考试中的成绩之间存在线性关系。由此可知，Gross教授的团队是使用学生平常的测试与小测验成绩来衡量学生的学业表现的。故选D。
31.C 【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【答案分析】根据第五段的内容可知，什么时候去睡觉很重要，如果你晚上10点、12点或1点睡觉，睡7个小时，你的表现是一样的；但是如果你在2点以后睡觉，即使你同样睡了7个小时，你的表现也会开始下降。且根据第六段最后一句可知，有规律的就寝时间也很重要。由此可推知，每天从晚上11点睡到早上6点的学生，其学业表现可能最好。故选C。
【干扰项分析】根据第四段第一句中的“it was not sufficient...before a test”可知，A项错误。
【语篇解读】文章分析了高雅艺术票价偏高的原因，并指出当前的实况转播技术可以让更多的观众能够负担起观赏上乘艺术表演的门票费。
32.B 【命题意图】考查词义猜测。
【答案分析】根据第一段第二句并结合画线词所在句中的“in Britain，at least，the claim is ridiculous and offensive”以及语境可知，歌剧、戏剧、芭蕾舞剧、管弦乐音乐会的票价过高这一论断至少在英国是荒谬的、令人讨厌的。由此可推知，画线词的含义与B项含义相近。故选B。
33.A 【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【答案分析】根据第二段中的“Large fees paid to star performers mostly account for that”可知，歌剧票价高的主要原因是最优秀的表演者要价高。故选A。
34.C 【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【答案分析】根据第二段中的“Cinematic opera is excellent value．For the cost of a good bottle of wine...see a high-definition relay of what’s occurring on the world’s grandest stages”可知，电影歌剧极为合算；支付一瓶好葡萄酒相同的钱，你就可以坐在当地的电影院里，观看世界上最壮丽的舞台上正在上演的歌剧的高清转播。由此可知，电影歌剧提供了一种不昂贵的体验现场歌剧表演的方式。故选C。
35.D 【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【答案分析】根据第三段最后一句“The real battle now should be ensuring that schoolchildren are given enough tastes of high culture to make them want to buy all those cheap tickets when they grow up”可知，现在真正的斗争应该是确保小学生得到足够的高雅文化的熏陶，以使他们长大后想买所有那些便宜的票。由此可推知，作者会同意D项表述的观点。故选D。
第二节
【语篇解读】语言专家发现，影响英语口语语体风格的三个主要因素是：谈话的地点、说话者之间的关系以及谈话的目的。
36.C 空后一句“These different styles of speaking are called ‘registers’”与C项中的“speaks differently in different situations”相呼应，说明同一个人在不同的情况下说话风格不同，故选C项。
37.F 根据空后一句“Even two best friends who work and live together may speak more formally to each other in the office”可知，即使是一起工作和生活的两个最好的朋友，他们在办公室里交谈的方式也可能更正式；并结合该段所举的例子和第一段最后一句可知，本段应是讲述影响英语口语语体风格的因素之一——谈话的地点，故F项与此处匹配。
38.G 根据空前一句“People speak less formally to friends and more formally to strangers”可知，人们对朋友说话不太正式，而对陌生人说话则比较正式。据此可推知，空处应是解释其原因，即因为他们已经和朋友分享了信息和经历，所以他们不需要解释太多。故G项正确。
39.E 根据空前两句可知，谈话的目的会影响人们说话的方式；一个人想要缓解受伤的情感，就会使用轻柔的语调。据此可推知，空处与此相对，说明想找麻烦的人说话语速快且声音大，故E项正确。
40.A 根据最后一段中的“Few speakers realize”“refuse to accept”可知，A项“事实上，大部分人强烈地否认它(说话风格的改变)”符合语境。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节
【语篇解读】本文由习语“见树不见林”，即过分专注于细节而忽视了全局，来引出主题，以说明科学观测既需要注重细节也需要注重整体的观点。接着作者介绍了数千年前的科学家们只能通过五种感官来观察和了解世界，而如今，科学家们除了用感官还可以利用现代科技，借助各种各样的工具来进行观测，这能让他们更深入、更全面地了解世界。
41.A 根据该句中what引导的宾语从句“what this curious phrase means”可知，此处表示你可能想知道这个奇特的习语表达的意思。A项意为“想知道”，故A项正确。
42.C 根据该句中的“see”可知，此处表示如果你能看到树木，怎么会看不见森林呢。C项意为“看得见的”，故C项正确。acceptable“可接受的”。
43.D 根据该句中的“that they lose sight of the big picture”及第47空前的“details”可推知，此处表示人们有时过分专注于细节而忽视了全局。
44.C 空处所在句表示你过于关注树木，却忘记了这些树木仅是更大的(larger)森林的一部分；该句与前一句的意思一致，故C项“换言之”符合语境。A项意为“相比之下”，B项意为“作为回报”，D项意为“同时”，都与语境不符。
45.B 参见上题解析。
46.D 根据语境并结合生活常识可知，“见树不见林”这个问题我们有时都会遇到。D项意为“经历，体验”，符合语境。A项意为“挑选出”，B项意为“经过”，C项意为“同意”，都与语境不符。
47.B 根据第43空后的“that they lose sight of the big picture”和语境可知，在观察我们的世界时，我们很容易会关注有趣的细节而忽视(ignore)更大的方面。C项意为“理解”；D项意为“误用”。
48.C 根据下文介绍的科学观测的内容可知，此处引入主题，表述对科学家来说，能够同时关注森林和树木是很重要的。A项意为“观察者，观察家”；D项意为“领导者”。
【技巧点拨】这类题主要考查考生的整体篇章意识和结合上下文进行推断的能力。如该题，考生可以通过下文的内容推断出答案。
49.A 根据该句中的“scientific inquiry thousands of years ago”并结合下文表述的第一批科学家通过感官来观察和了解世界可知，自数千年前开始(beginning)科学调查以来，观测就很重要。故A项正确。removal“移动，去除”。
50.D 参见上题解析。
51.A 根据该句中的“to see，hear，smell，feel，and taste the world around them”和下一段中的“rely upon their five senses”可知，这里表示第一批科学家使用他们的视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉、味觉这五种感官来了解他们周围的世界。A项意为“感官”，故A项正确。
52.C 根据该段第一句中的“observations”和语境可知，第一批科学家通过这些观测了解世界，并开始寻找这些自然而然地(naturally)产生的问题的答案。
53.B 参见上题解析。
54.D 根据上一段中的“thousands of years ago”“The first scientists...the world around them”并结合该句中的“Today”“rely upon their five senses”可知，数千年前，第一批科学家就使用感官来了解他们周围的世界；今天，他们仍然依靠他们的五种感官来进行观测。
55.A 根据该句中的“with a wide variety of tools”和语境可知，如今科学家们也利用现代科技，借助各种各样的工具进行观测。
56.B 根据该句中的“beyond”并结合语境可知，现代科技使科学家们能够以超出他们的五种感官所可能让他们拥有的方式“看”世界。B项意为“使有可能”，故B项正确。A项意为“释放，公布”。
57.D 根据该句中的“From satellite telescopes to atomic-force microscopes”可知，此处表示现代科学家们利用这些工具来观察世界。
58.A 根据该句中的“by early scientists”并结合语境可知，现代科学家们使用这些工具以早期的科学家们未曾想象到的方式来观察世界。
59.B 根据该句中的“small details”和上文中的“From satellite telescopes to atomic-force microscopes”并结合语境可知，其中的一些工具可以帮助科学家们研究小的细节。B项意为“研究”，故B项正确；C项意为“复制”。
60.C 根据第二段第一句中的“the big picture”并结合语境可知，其他的工具则能帮助科学家们看到全局。C项意为“情况，局面”，故C项正确。
第二节
【语篇解读】用BPA硬化而成的塑料瓶在存放水时会释放一种对身体有害的化学物质，一些标明不含BPA的塑料也可能使用了对健康有害的其他化学物质。存放水的最佳材料是玻璃，不锈钢也是不错的选择。
61.what 考查宾语从句。根据下文中的“Plastic bottles”可知，此处表示我们现在还知道应该留意存放水的地方。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作介词in的宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该宾语从句。
62.called 考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，a dangerous material和动词call之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用call的过去分词形式。
63.have banned 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“Since 2011”可知，该句应用现在完成时，又主语many countries为复数，故填have banned。
64.harmful 考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词effects，故用harm的形容词形式harmful。
65.Studies 考查名词的单复数。根据该句中的“have shown”可知，该句主语应为复数，且此处study作“研究，调查”讲，是可数名词，故用study的复数形式。
66.best 考查形容词的最高级。上文介绍了两种对身体有害的塑料存水容器，结合该句中的“The”并根据语境可知，此处表示用来喝水的最好的材料是玻璃。故用形容词的最高级形式。
67.which 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为glass，故用which引导该从句。
68.for／as／of 考查介词。根据本句句意可知，此处可表示用途，故用for或者as；此处也可以表示“关于”，故用of。
69.to protect 考查动词不定式。该句意为：不锈钢瓶比铝瓶好，铝瓶上覆盖着薄薄的塑料以保护金属不被酸腐蚀。空处表示目的，故用动词不定式。
70.keeping 考查动名词。avoid doing sth．为固定用法，意为“避免做某事”。
第四部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
Last week, I quarrel with my parents about spending too much time in my cellphone. I felt exhausting that
①quarreled ②on ③exhausted
day, and became very angry even though they talked to me in a friend way.
④friendly
I now feel ashamed and am writing with this article to apologize. There are people in the world I value, such
⑤
as teacher and friends. Moreover, the most important people to me is my parents. It is them who raise me and give
⑥teachers ⑦However ⑧are ⑨they
me a happy life. I want them to know that I’m deeply sorry and will try to be∧good person and make them proud.
⑩a
①quarrel改为quarreled。动词时态误用。根据该句的时间状语“Last week”可知，该句陈述的动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
②in改为on。介词误用。spend time on sth．为固定搭配，意为“在……上花费时间”。
③exhausting改为exhausted。形容词误用。根据该句主语I可知，该处应用形容词exhausted，表示“筋疲力尽的”，形容人；exhausting表示“令人筋疲力尽的”，通常修饰物。
④friend改为friendly。名词和形容词混用。形容词修饰名词，故该处应用形容词修饰名词way，表示“友好的方式”，故可知答案。
⑤删除with。介词多用。write为及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故删除介词with。
⑥teacher改为teachers。名词的单复数误用。根据该句中的“There are”和“friends”并结合语境可知，作者珍视的老师和朋友都不止一人，故用复数形式。
⑦Moreover改为However。副词误用。前一句是说，在这个世界上有我珍视的人，比如老师和朋友。该句是说，对我来说最重要的人是我的父母。根据前后句句意可知，前后句之间为逻辑上的转折关系，故应用副词However。
⑧is改为are。主谓不一致。该句主语为“the most important people”，为复数形式，故谓语动词也应用复数形式。
⑨them改为they。人称代词误用。分析该句结构可知，该句使用了强调句结构，被强调的部分是主语，应用代词的主格，故用they。
⑩good前加a。冠词漏用。该处泛指¨一个好人”，故用不定冠词，且good的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。
第二节 书面表达
The school sports carnival, which took place last Friday and Saturday, was a great success. The crowds cheered on their classmates who took part in more than 10 exciting events.
The carnival started with an opening ceremony which included a dance performance by our school’s dance club. This was followed by the events. Among the many great performances were Li Hua’s win in the 1500-metre race and Wang Li’s victory in the 100-metre race. Perhaps the biggest cheer of the meet was for the students when they defeated the teachers in the tug-of-war competition.
After its conclusion, many students said they loved the sports carnival as it provided them with an opportunity to relax, demonstrate their abilities and build up friendship and team spirit among them.
