大学英语语法 之 过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时
一、过去完成时的构成：had been 动词ing
二、过去完成时的用法
1.表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
e.g.He had been living here before he went to Shanghai.
2.表示反复的动作。
e.g.You had been giving me everything.
3.常用于间接引语中
e.g.The doctor asked what he had been eating.
4.接具有“突然”之意的when引导的时间状语从句。
e.g.I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
5.过去完成进行时强调动作的延续性。
e.g.I had been waiting in the room for half an hour before she called me in.
三、过去完成进行时的主要特点
1.这种时态很少用在否定句中，而多以过去完成时代替：
e.g.He had not practised English for many years．（普通说法）
He had not been practising English for many years．（少见）
2.这种时态还可用在said，supposed等引起的间接引语中，代替现在完成进行时：
e.g.He said:“I have been speaking to John."= He said that he had been speaking to John．
四、过去完成进行时构成
1.肯定句：主语 had been doing 其他
2.否定句：主语 hadn't been doing 其他
3.一般疑问句：Had 主语 been doing 其他？
4.特殊疑问句：What had 主语 been doing 其他？
五、过去完成进行时和过去进行时的区别：
过去完成进行时强调动作一直持续。 过去进行时强调动作在当时正在进行。
e.g.Last night I had been reading a novel when the bell rang. (一直持续)
Last night I was reading a novel when the bell rang. (当时正在读)
跟踪练习
1.He ____ the door and after that he had a drink at a small cafe.
A.was painting B.has painted C.had been painting D.has been painting
2.His brother was good at playing table tennis. He ____ it since he was ten.
A.had played B.played C.had been playing D.was playing
3.The boy was delighted with his new storybook which he ____ for a long time.
A.was wanting B.has wanted C.had been wanted D.had been wanting
4.The man ____ there in the sun for a long time and got his face burnt.
A.has stood B.was standing C.had been standing D.is standing
5.It was midnight and he was tired because he ____ since dawn.
A.was working B.has worked C.had been working D.has been working
6.He said that he ____ the novel and had not finished it yet．
A.is writing B.has written C.writes D.had been writing
7.He ____ to get her on the phone, but he didn't get through it.
A.has tried B.was trying C.tries D.had been trying
8.I asked where they ____ all these days.
A.have stayed B.stay C.had been staying D.were staying
9.It ____ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A.was raining B.would be raining C.had been raining D.has rained
10.He told us that he ____ there since 1982.
A.has been living B.had been living C.would have lived D.was living
参考答案:C C D C C D D C C B
