对翻译硕士英语的新题型,许多同学表示很不适应。其实题型千变万化,考察的始终是同学们的核心语言技能:认知、领会、梳理、概括、措辞、表达和章法。咱们就来谈一谈这些内容,今天讲内容,下次讲表达。
本讲义均适用翻译硕士英语的两种题型:汉英编译(MA)和新闻摘要(MTI)
考点:理解与表达
在学写summary之前,其实大家要首先问一问自己下列问题:
How to describe a conflict between two sides?
How to tell a story with a specific background?
How to explain the impact of a recent event?
How to describe the change of numbers?
How to quote what people have said about a topic?
How to explain the reason behind an event?
而这其实和我们讲过的“笔译三法宝”是相通的,即:
“narrative, descriptive and explanatory” skills
梳理:原文乱糟糟
同学们要做好原文较为散乱,每段都很短的心理准备。对于碎片化的新闻信息要有基本的归类,可以在阅读时圈点信息,并做好归类,用序号标注。
(1-fact, 2-background, 3-comment, 4-quote)
注意:comment=editor’s opinion; quote=people’s remarks
接下来就是删改,这也是新闻编译的难点:
删:确定删去谁,保留谁(更难)
改:顺序,引语,概括,总结
事件:何时地人事
1. 时间地点人物起因经过结果(ABCDEF):对应70-90个英文单词.
2. 引述(具体某人remark) 评论(editor’s comment):对应50-60英文单词.
echo, agree that… while XX blame/contend/state/object/ that…
内容:说来话长
对于新闻中的具体案例:内容弃之不用,叙述(结构)或可参考.
而类似或同种的并列零散信息:概括之、抽象之
according to news agencies, …. many cases of xxxx
主次:那长话短说
方案手段:着重抽象概括,整合具体细节,如果还有空间,做些适当补充:
in the form of a clause, or an abstract noun
结构:倒立金字塔
概括:广而范的
案例:精而细的
故事主干类型:
1. 两家在吵架,坐下来和谈,继续过下去
2. 出现大问题,我们去着手,事情办成了
3. 个例引发讨论,各方发表观点,官方采取措施
背景:过去与未来
背景和主句的先后顺序。
1. Against the backdrop of XXXX, YYYY recently. In the eve of QWER, (ABCDEF).
2. In the eve of QWER, (ABCDEF). The event took place in/while/during XXXX, YYYY.
主句先出 - 呼应倒金字塔结构
主句写完 - 剩余篇幅心中有数
背景后置 - 方便引出后文
The event took place against the backdrop of a long-lasting conflict between A and B The ASDF claimed/stated/said/commented/answered that…
数据:数值与趋势
数据的取舍:能否和ABCDEF主句发生直接联系
数字的种类
数值:静态(起始点、终止点、极值、拐点、相交点)
趋势:动态(上升下降、转向回弹、多者比较)
举措:着手办某事
注意具体的行为体(Do-er):时态、单复数、及物动词、搭配
to guarantee/secure v./ safeguard a peaceful/successful election
to take concrete measures/various methods/through XX approaches
to tackle/handle/deal with
互动:合作与冲突
信息群的关系与衔接
合作:accordingly/similarly/likewise/echo/respond/coordinate/cooperate/synergy
冲突:
contend/on the contrary/however/nonetheless/but, yet, on the other side, XX in the other direction/ are heading for a different (opposite) direction