双语君
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为您的英语保鲜!
圣诞将至,又到了送(收)礼物的季节了。在英语中,有时候把礼物称为gift,有时则称为present,这两个单词我们都不陌生,但你知道两者之间有什么区别吗?
实际上,gift和present来源于不同语系(language families)。
The words come to us from different language families. Gift comes from the old Germanic root for “to give.” It referred to an act of giving, and then, to the thing being given. In Old English it meant the dowry given to a bride’s parents. Gift来自古日耳曼语,是“给予”的意思。原来指代“给”这个行为,后来就演变为“所给的东西”。在古英语中,Gift指的是给新娘父母的彩礼。
Present comes from the French for "to present." A present is the thing presented or bestowed.
而present来源于法语,意思是“递交、献上、赠送”的意思。A present就是所赠送或授予的东西。
从13世纪开始,这两个词都表示的是,在不要求付款的前提下,一件东西的所有权发生了转移(undergoing a transfer of possession)。
The words gift and present are well-matched synonyms that mean essentially the same thing, but even well-matched synonyms have their own connotations and distinctive patterns of use.在如今,gift和present是近义词,本质上表达的都是同一个东西,但是即使意思再相近的近义词,还是会有不同的词义和用法。
Gift的用法更广泛,它可以指天赋,比如说你生下来就能说会道(have the gift of gab),或者有音乐天赋(musical gift)。
Gift可以指代无形的事物,比方说你的理解能力很好(gift of understanding),或者能够度过平静美好的一天,真是上天的恩赐啊(gift of a quiet day)。
但present通常不这么用。这个词所表达的意思更具化。
Presents are more concrete. If your whole family gave donations to your college fund for your birthday would you say “I got a lot of presents”? It doesn’t exactly sound wrong, but since you never hold these donations in your hand, gifts seem to fit better.假如在你生日的时候,你们全家出钱承担你的大学学费,这个时候你会说“我收到了好多present”吗?听起来也没什么问题,但既然这些“礼物”不是切切实实拿在手里的,用gift就更合适一点。