一、宾语从句的引导词及用法
1. 从属连词that(无意义,不翻译,口语中经常省略),whether/if(是否,不充当句子成分,不可省略)
I believe (that) she’ll be all right in a few days.
我相信她几天后就会好的。
I wonder whether/ if girls are valued as much as boys in the countryside.
我想知道在农村女孩和男孩是否一样受到重视。
注意:一般情况下whether和if 可以互换,但是如果引导宾语从句位于句首时,只用whether.
Whether my parents knew this, I don’t know.
我不知道我的父母是否知道这件事。
2. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, Whoever, whatever, whichever 引导宾语从。
(1)who引导宾语从句,在从句中做主语、宾语和表语。
Could you tell me who the lady is?(who做主语)
你能告诉我那位女士是谁吗?
(2)whom引导宾语从句,在从句中做宾语,不可省略。
Do you know whom they are waiting for?(whom做宾语)
你知道他们正在等谁吗?
(3)whose引导宾语从句,在从句中做定语。
I don’t know whose fault it was. (whose做定语修饰fault)
我不知道是谁的错。
(4)what引导宾语从句,在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。
I really want to know what you are thinking. (what做think宾语)
我真的想知道你在想什么。
(5)which引导宾语从句,在从句中做主语、宾语或定语。
Could you tell me which place would be a good choice for me to go to?(which做定语,修饰place)
你能告诉我,哪个地方比较适合我去吗?
(6)whatever引导宾语从句,在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。
It’s generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. (whatever做want的宾语)
一般认为孩子不管想要什么就给什么是不明智的。(1997年高考)
(7)Whoever=anyone who意思是“任何人,无论谁”, 引导宾语从句,在从句中做主语或表语。
We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. (whoever做主语)
我们承诺任何参加舞会的人有跟电影明星合影的机会。(2012 福建高考)
(8)whichever意思是“无论/不管哪一个(一些)”引导宾语从句,在从句中做主语或表语。
As five courses are provided, and you are free to choose whichever suits you best. (whichever做主语)
因为提供了五门课程,所以你可以自由地选择最适合你的任何一门。(2012年陕西高考)
3. 连接副词when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever引导宾语从句。
(1) when引导宾语从句,在从句中做时间状语。
I remember when this used to be a quiet village.
我记得这曾经是一个偏僻的村庄。
(2)where引导宾语从句,在从句中做地点状语。
Could you tell me where the library is?
你能告诉我图书馆在哪里吗?
(3)how 引导宾语从句,在从句中做方式状语。
I can’t imagine how he did it.我无法想象他是如何做这件事的。
(4)why引导宾语从句,在从句中做原因状语。
I wonder why you don’t tell me about the fact.
我想知道你为什么不告诉我事实的真相。
二、宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,从句都要用陈述语序。
She told me that she used to be really shy.
她告诉我她过去很害羞。
Could you please tell me what I should take as a birthday present?
你能告诉我应该带给你什么作为生日礼物吗?
三、宾语从句的时态
1. 主现主将主祈,从不限:主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句,从句可以用任何时态。
We believe that summer is the hottest season in the northern China.
我们相信夏天是中国北方地区最热的季节。
Please make sure whether you wear a mask before going out.
请确保在你出去之前你是否戴口罩。
2.主过从过: 主句用过去时,从句要用过去时的相应时态。
They were very disappointed at what she said.
他们对她说的话感到失望。
She said that she had already finished the essay.
她说她已经完成了论文。
3.从句是客观真理永远用一般现在时,不受主句时态影响。
When I was young, my teacher always told me that the earth goes around the sun.当我小时候,我的老师总是告诉我地球围绕着太阳转。