过去完成时的标志词及用法,过去完成时和现在完成时的标志词

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英语『句型与疑难结构』重点难点精讲:already和ever ——现在完成时有哪些标志词

 现在完成时有一些较为典型的标志词,掌握这些标志词,对正确选用时态很有帮助。

1 already 和 yet 表示“已经”。already 用于陈述句或疑问句,在陈述句中,already 要放在have或has之后,过去分词之前,在疑问句中,already 也可以放在句尾,表示惊讶。yet 只用于疑问句和否定句,一般放在句尾。

They have already left. 他们已经离开了。

Has the teacher arrived already ? 老师竟然已经到了?(真没想到 )

I haven't read the book yet . 我还没有读过这本书。

Have you finished your homework yet ? 你已经做完家庭作业了吗?

2 ever 表示“曾经”,常用于疑问句和否定句,放在have或has之后,过去分词之前。

Have you ever seen such a tall tree?你见过这么高的树吗?

Nobody has ever been there. 没有人曾到过那里。

3 never 表示“从来没有”,用于陈述句中,放在have或has之后,过去分词之前。

I have never heard of such a name. 我从未听说过这样一个名字。

He has never been to London. 他从未到过伦敦。

4 just 表示“刚刚”,用于陈述句中,放在have或has之后,过去分词之前。

He has just arrived. 他刚刚到达。

She has just left for home. 她刚刚回家去了。

5 before 表示“以前”,可用于陈述句、疑问句或否定句中,放在句尾。

I have seen him before . 我以前见过他。

I haven't read the book before . 我以前没读过这本书。

Have you ever been there before ?你以前到过那里吗?

6 since 表示“自……以来”,后可跟短语或句子,指自某一个时间点以来,不能表示一段时间。since 引导从句时,从句通常用一般过去时。

He has been here since eight o'clock. 他自8点钟就在这里了。(跟短语 )

He has worked in the factory since he came to Nanjing. 他自从到南京以来就在这家工厂工作了。(跟句子 )

提示

since two weeks ago (自2周前以来),since three years ago (自3年前以来)等类似结构是正确用法,这里的“2周前”(two weeks ago)和“3年前”(three years ago)指的是一个时间点。

She has been ill since two weeks ago . 她自2周前就病了。

They have lived in the house since three years ago . 他们自3年前就住在这所房子里了。

7 for 表示时间时,是介词,后只能跟短语,不能跟句子,后跟的短语表示一段时间,不能表示一点时间。

I have lived here for ten years. 我在这里已经住10年了。

她在那里工作已经很长时间了 。

She has worked there for a long time. (正)

She has worked there since a long time. (误) (since不可同一段时间状语连用 )

She has worked there since 2001. (正)她自2001年就在那里工作了 。

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