今天给大家分享初中英语动词——be动词的用法
说到 be 动词,对大部分学生而言,既熟悉又陌生,be动词常出现在日常英语学习之中,但很多同学在使用be动词时,却容易出现错误,真的是既熟悉又陌生:
比如:我来自于重庆!
I am come from Chongqing. (错误)
She is go swimming every day. (错误)
很多同学喜欢把 be 动词和实义动词原形连起来使用,特别是在口语表达和作文写作中!
初中英语需要记住一条规则:be动词是不能和动词的原形或三单形式连用!
我们先来看一看be动词的各种形式:
be(原形)- am/is/are(现在时态)- was/were(过去式)
- been (过去分词)- being(现在分词)
在使用be动词时,要根据具体的时态与人称选择be动词;其用法口诀为:
现在时态:I 用 am,you 用 are, is 跟着 他(he)她(she)它(it),单数 is, 复数 are;
过去时态:am 与 is 的过去式为 was;are 的过去式为 were;
I am a teacher. (I - am)
You are a student. (you - are)
He/she/it is from the UK. (he/she/it - is)
The dog is brown. (单数 - is )
The flowers are beautiful. (复数 - are)
We are good friends. (复数 - are)
用法:
一、be动词作为系动词;
构成主系表结构;be 动词可翻译为“是” 或者无意义,只做连系作用;be 动词后表语主要是说明主语的特征,性质,属性,状态等;(be 后加not 构成否定,be动词提前构成疑问)
She is thin. 她很瘦(他是瘦的)。
主语she,is 为系动词,表语 thin 说明 she 的特征;
The cat is cute. 这只猫很可爱(猫是可爱的)。
主语 the cat, is系动词,表语 cute 说明 the cat 的特征;
He was at home. 他(是)在家。
主语 he,is 系动词,表语 at home 说明主语he的状态;
二、be 用作助动词可构成时态语态
be doing 构成进行时态
am/is/are doing 现在进行时
was/were doing 过去进行时
(be 后加not 构成否定,be动词提前构成疑问)
He is (not)reading books now.
他正在(没有)读书。
I was watching TV at 8:00 yesterday.
昨天八点时,我正在看电视。
Are they playing football outside.
他们正在外面踢足球吗?
be going to 构成将来时态,表示打算,将要做...
am/is/are going to 一般将来时
was/were going to 过去将来时
(be 后加not 构成否定,be动词提前构成疑问)
I am going to visit my uncle.
我打算去拜访我的叔叔。
They are going to do some shopping this weekend.
这周末他们打算去购物。
He told me that he was not going to study the guitar.
他告诉我他不打算学习吉他。
be done(过去分词) 构成被动语态
(be 后加not 构成否定,be动词提前构成疑问)
This book was written by Jeff Green.
这本书是(被)杰夫格林所写。
The bad man was caught by the police.
那个坏人被警察抓了。
在含有be动词的句子中(做谓语或系动词),be not构成否定,be动词提前构成疑问;
但当句子中有其他助动词时,如 have(完成时态),will,情态动词等;不使用be动词构成否定,疑问;
He will be our new English teacher.
他将成为我们的新英语老师。
He will not be our new English teacher.
I have been an English teacher since 2008.
我从2008年以来就一直是个英语老师。
Have you been an English teacher since 2008?
注意:在以be动词开头的祈使句中,如需否定,需要在be前加 don't.
Don't be noisy. 别吵!
there be 句型,表示“某处有某物”
There are 45 students in our class.
我们班有45个学生。
Are there 45 students in your class?
你们班有45个学生吗?
How many students are there in your class?
你们班有多少学生?
注意:There be 句型就近原则,即be动词的选择需要根据距离其最近的名词单复数决定;
如: There are three books and one pen on the desk.
There is one pen and three books on the desk.
桌上有一只钢笔,三本书。
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