在英语里,名词的数量为“1”时, 称为单数,名词用单数形式(即原形);数量大于“1”时,称为复数,名词要加s/es等; zero后的名词习惯用复数形式;“零点几”后的名词通常用复数形式。例如:
1 second/dollar/student:一秒/美元/学生
zero hours/degrees: 零点/度/
10 seconds/dollars/students:10秒/美元/学生
0.1 degrees: 0.1度
0.5 meters/miles/grams: 0.5米/英里/克
1.7 meters/miles/grams: 1.7米/英里/克
1.9 square kilometres: 1.9平方千米
★名词单数变名词复数的方法:
(A)一般情况: s plane -- planes flower -- flowers soldier -- soldiers
(B) s、 x、 ch、 sh结尾的名词: es
bus--buses fox--foxes bench-- benches brush -- brushes
【例外:stomach(胃) [ˈstʌmək] -- stomachs】
(C)辅音字母 y 结尾的名词: 先变y为i, 再 es
country -- countries enemy -- enemies city -- cities
(D)以o结尾的名词复数:
a. hero -- heroes tomato -- tomatoes potato -- potatoes
b. volcano、tornado、zero、motto、mosquito: 可以 s或者 es
c. euro(欧元) -- euro/euros kangaroo -- kangaroo/kangaroos
d. 其余 s: radio -- radios photo -- photos manifesto -- manifestos
(E)以f/fe结尾的名词: 多数词先把f改为v, 再 es
a. knife -- knives leaf -- leaves
(life、wolf 、thief、 half、 shelf 变法同)
b. roof、proof、chief、chef、belief、reef、cliff、safe等的复数: s
c. handkerchief、scarf的复数: a/b变法均可 handkerchieves/handkerchiefs
d. giraffe -- giraffes/giraffe
(F)单复同形的名词: sheep deer aircraft series species works means
crossroads headquarters Chinese Japanese Swiss
●fish(通常单数复数同形,但复数也可加-es,fishes可指不同种类的鱼)
(G)特殊的名词复数:
man-- men woman -- women child -- children
foot --feet tooth -- teeth goose -- geese
datum -- data mouse -- mice ox--oxen
phenomenon – phenomena(现象)/phenomenons(杰出的人)
bacterium – bacteria criterion-- criteria crisis -- crises
analysis -- analyses basis -- bases emphasis-- emphases
appendix-- appendixes/appendices medium -- media/mediums
aquarium – aquaria/aquariums stadium --- stadia/stadiums
grown-up ---- grown-ups push-up ---- push-ups
passer-by ---- passers-by a place of interest ---- places of interest
brother-in-law ---- brothers-in-law sister-in-law ---- sisters-in-law
son-in-law ---- sons-in-law daughter-in-law ---- daughters-in-law
(H)表示特定意义的某些名词必须用复数形式:
goods(商品) glasses(眼镜) scissors(剪刀) clothes(衣服)
trousers(裤子) pants(裤子;短裤; 内裤) shorts(短裤) jeans(牛仔裤)
●people、cattle只有复数,没有单数,但是复数不能加s:
thirty people: 30个人 seventy (head of) cattle: 70头牛
●one and a half hours = one hour and a half: 一个半小时
●名词前有man/woman变复数时,man/woman要改为复数形式,其后的名词也要变
为复数:
a man/woman teacher ---- 280 men/women teachers