It makes them feel good to share things with others.
与他人分享东西使他们感觉很好。
这个是牛津译林版九年级上册第6页的课文。
在这个句子中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语“to share things with others”。在英语中,不定式或不定式短语作主语时,可以直接位于句首。这句话本来应该是“To share things with others makes them feel good.”但是英语中动词不定式短语“to share things with others”做主语放在句首,给你一种头重脚轻的感觉,外国人很忌讳头重脚轻的,所以为了解决这个问题,外国人选择了形式主语“it”代替这个动词不定式放在句首,(为什么用It而不用别的单词呢,我猜呢,人都是很懒的,外国人也不例外,所以外国人选了一个最短的代词)动词不定式放在最后面,这样整个句子就变成了:“It makes them feel good to share things with others.”
以前我们也学过类似的句式:
(1)It is/was adj./n. (形容词或名词) to do sth.
It is a good idea to think this way. 这样考虑问题是个好办法。
It’s common for leaves to fall from the trees in the fall. 秋天树叶从树上落下是件常事。
(2)It v. to do sth.
It took us three years to complete the project. 我们花费三年时间才完成了这项工程。
It sounds reasonable to do it this way.听起来这样做有道理。
注意:
(1)单个动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数
To learn English well is very important. 学好英语很重要。
(2)如果and连接两个或更多并列的不定式作主语,且并列的不定式语义一致或基本一致时,谓语动词用单数;如果不一致,谓语动词用复数
To love and to be loved is sweet to us.爱与被爱对我们来说都是甜蜜的。
[巩固练习]
1.对每个人来说,对所有事情三思而后行是很有必要的。
答案:1.It’s necessary for everyone to think twice about everything.
[经典例题]
In fact________is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
答案:D