简单句并列句复合句以及简单句五种基本句型
英语句子结构分类：
简单句，并列句和复合句的概念及区别
1.简单句：无论句子长短，只包含一套主谓结构，句子中个个成分都是单词或短语。有时主语或谓语可以是并列结构。
请划出下面句子的主谓宾成分。
The accident happened yesterday afternoon
Our English teacher is thirty years old.
He put the dictionary in the backpack.
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
She kept the door open.
My classmates and friends all received my Christmas cards and thanked me very much.
2.并列句: 由并列连词and/but/or/so/however/for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来。
如：Come here and I’ll help you. 请划出两个分句并判断各分句的成分。
并列连词：
一、表转折的并列连词 主要有 but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，却)等
二、表选择的并列连词 主要 or (或者，还是，否则), either, or (不是、就是), neither, or,(既不、也不) otherwise (要不然)等。
三、表联合的并列连词 主要有 and, not only, but also,(不但,而且 ), when(=and just at this time 就在这时)等。
四、表因果的并列连词 主要有 for(因为), so(因此)等。
并列句例句：
1. This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink, _____but_____prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time.
2. My mother wants to decorate our rooms in a modem look__while_____my father prefers a traditional style.
3. It was time for her to have a new baby, ___and____it was also time for the young panda to independent.
4. He is a shy man，__but/yet_______he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 解析：But/yet转折连词。
5. Give me a chance,____and______ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
6. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _____so____plants can spread to new places.
7.Make up your mind, or/otherwise you will miss the valuable chance.
3.复合句：
又称为主从复合句，是由一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从句构成的句子。复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构。主句是复合句的主体，从句需要有一个从属连词（如that/what/why/how/if等）引导，修饰说明主句或主句中的某个词或短语，不能独立存在。
从句可以分为三大类：定语从句、名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句4种）、和状语从句（包括时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、方式、结果、目的、比较9种）。
英语简单句的五种基本句型
五种基本句型结构
一、句型1： Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) （谓语为不及物动词）
The red sun rises in the east.红彤彤的太阳从东方升起来。
Lucy and Mary get up early every morning.露西和玛丽每天早上很早就起床。
His parents have worked in the company for ten years.
他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。
What he said does not matter.他说的话不重要。
They had to travel by boat.他们不得不乘船旅行。
二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
Our English teacher is thirty years old.我们的英语老师30岁了。
The cake tastes delicious.这个蛋糕吃起来很可口。
The potatoes went bad in the field.土豆在地里就坏了。
They seemed very happy together.他们在一起好像很幸福。
It gets colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。
The leaves have turned yellow. 树叶已经变黄了。
三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)（谓语为及物动词） ＋ Object (宾语)
He put the dictionary in the backpack.他把词典放进了背包里。
I saw her just now and she was doing her homework in the classroom.我刚
才看到她了,她正在教室做作业。
They haven’t decided when and where to hold the party.
他们还没有决定什么时候、在哪儿举办这次聚会。
She stopped teaching English two years ago.她两年前就不教英语了。
Do you know when he left for Beijing?你知道他什么时候去的北京吗?
Mother promised to give me a present. 母亲答应要给我一件礼物。
Would you mind opening the window?打开窗户你介意吗?
注意：跟不定式to do 作宾语的动词有：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like)表祝愿(wish)
决定(decide)同意(agree)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)
注意：常要求接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, know, learn, remember, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
注意：只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有
admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考虑 delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶
enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅 fancy 想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 forgive 原谅
give up 放弃 cannot help 情不自禁 imagine 设想 include 包括 keep 保持
mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 逃过 put off 推迟 practice 练习 resist 抵制 risk 冒险
四、句型4： Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
Mr.Smith taught us English last year.史密斯先生去年教我们英语。
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
Would you please pass me that dictionary?=Would you please pass that dictionary to me?
请你把那本词典递给我好吗?
He bought his mother a new sweater with his first month’s salary.
=He bought a new sweater for his mother with his first month’s salary.
他用第一个月的工资给母亲买了一件新毛衣。
注意：主语 谓语 间接宾语(人) 直接宾语(物)。如果把表示物的直接宾
语放在表示人的间接宾语前,需要借助于介词to或for。to表示:朝着,向着,
对着;for表示:为(某人),替(某人)。
需要借助介词to的动词有:bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,promise,return,
send,show,teach,tell,write等。
需要借助介词for的动词有:bring,buy,cook,find,get,make,order,save,spare
等。
五、句型5： Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
If you let me go. I’ll make you king. (名词作宾补)
Leave the door open. (形容词作宾补)
We found Li Ming out when we arrived. (副词作宾补)
Make yourself at home. (介词短语作宾补)
I saw a stranger enter the building. (不定式作宾补)
The boss kept them working all day. (现在分词作宾补)
Yesterday he had his leg broken. (过去分词作宾补)
简单句五种基本句型巩固练习
巩固练习1：
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长。____________________________________
2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。____________________________________
3．孩子们很少保持安静。____________________________________
4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。____________________________________
5．他失业了。 ____________________________________
6.对于更多的人来说这确实是观看的一次好机会。
____________________________________
7.我们报纸的外国文化栏目非常受我们学生欢迎。
____________________________________
巩固练习2：
1．她昨天回家很晚。 ____________________________________
2．会议将持续两个小时。 ____________________________________
3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。
____________________________________
4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。____________________________________
5.每天八时开始上课。____________________________________
纯不及物动词： sleep, walk, swim, happen ,take place, go, come, arrive, laugh, agree, work, listen, look, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, sit, succeed等。
巩固练习3：
1．昨晚我写了一封信。
2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3．这本书他读过多次了。
4．他们成功地完成了计划。(carry out)
5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
6.我计划在一家外资公司找一份兼职。
(plan to do, foreign capital company)
7.我非常感谢我的数学老师的称赞和鼓励。
8.作为一名外向的女孩，我和同学们相处得很好。
(get along well with)
巩固练习4：
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？
4．他把车票给列车员看。
5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
6.现在，我代表全校同学，祝愿你们一路平安。
7.同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。
巩固练习5：
1．我们叫她Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3．他们把小偷释放了。
4．我要你把真相告诉我。
5. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。
6.事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语。
7.你们的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。
简单句五种基本句型参考答案
巩固练习1：
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长。 In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.
3．孩子们很少保持安静。 Children seldom keep quiet.
4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.
5．他失业了。 He is out of work.
6.对于更多的人来说这确实是观看的一次好机会。 This is surely a good chance for more people to see them.
7.我们报纸的外国文化栏目非常受我们学生欢迎。 The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.
巩固练习2：
1．她昨天回家很晚。 She went home very late yesterday evening.
2．会议将持续两个小时。 The meeting will last two hours.
3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。
Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
5．每天八时开始上课。 Classes begin at eight every day.
纯不及物动词： sleep, walk, swim, happen ,take place, go, come, arrive, laugh, agree, work, listen, look, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, sit, succeed等。
巩固练习3：
1. 昨晚我写了一封信。
I wrote a letter last night.
2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。
I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3. 这本书他读过多次了。
He has read this book many times.
4. 他们成功地完成了计划。
They have carried out the plan successfully.
5. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。
You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
6. 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
7.我非常感谢我的数学老师的称赞和鼓励。
I appreciated my maths teacher's praise and encouragement very much.
8.作为一名外向的女孩，我和同学们相处得很好。
As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates.
巩固练习4：
1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
Would you please pass me the dictionary?
4. 他把车票给列车员看。
He showed the ticket to the conductor.
5，我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
Shall I call you a taxi?
6. 现在，我代表全校同学，祝愿你们一路平安。
Now, on behalf of all my classmates, I wish you a safe journey.
7. 同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。
At the same time, Parents give their children too much protection.
巩固练习5：
1. 我们叫她Alice.
We call her Alice.
2. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
All of us considered him honest.
3. 他们把小偷释放了。
They have set the thief free.
4.我要你把真相告诉我。
I want you to tell me the truth.
5. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。
The guards ordered us to leave at once.
6．事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语。
In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college.
7.你们的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.
简单句五种基本句型书面表达单句背诵
1．主语＋谓语(不及物动词)
The meeting starts at 9:00 and ends at 11:00.
The stadium opens from 9 am to 5 pm Monday to Friday.
Your every effort matters.
2．主语＋谓语＋宾语
I have rich experience in organizing outdoor activities.
I think it will benefit us a lot
Your effort will make a big difference.
你的努力将会产生巨大影响（差异）。
3．主语＋系动词＋表语
The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.
It will be beneficial to us.
I am experienced in the field and qualified for the position.
我在这方面擅长而且胜任这个岗位。
4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
I would like to offer you some advice．
现在我想给你提供一些建议。
he showed us the basic steps and skills
他向我们展示了基本步骤和技能。
I wonder if you could do me a favour.
5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
The Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient，regardless of time and space.
互联网使得调查和投票容易且方便，不用考虑时间和地点。
By joint efforts, we will make it a success(we will make it successful).
通过一道努力，我们会使得它成为一次成功的（活动或者事件）。
Wish you success(a good journey, a good start.)
祝你成功（祝你有一个好的行程，一个良好的开端）。
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