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一、主语从句的引导词
主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。
1. that引导
如:
That he is still alive is a wonder.
他还活着,真是奇迹。
That we shall be late is certain.
我们要晚了,这是确定无疑的。
That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.
她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。
2. whether引导
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
是否对我们有害还要看一看。
Whether they would support us was a problem.
他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
3. 连接代词引导
Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet.
两强相争勇者胜。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.
无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。
Whichever you want is yours.
你要哪个哪个就是你的。
4. 连接副词引导
When we arrive doesn’t matter.
什么时候到没有关系。
How it was done was a mystery.
这是怎样做的是一个谜。
How this happended is not clear to anyone.
这件事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。
How many people we are to invite is still a question.
多少人还是一个问题。
5. 关系代词型what引导
What I want to know is this.
我想知道的就是这一点。
What’s done is done.
事已成定局。
What he says is not important.
他说的话并不重要。
What you need is a good-sized canvas bag.
你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。
What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot.
给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。
二、主语从句与形式主语it
有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况:
(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句:
It’s a pity that he didn’t come.
很遗憾他没来。
It’s vital that we be present.
我们出席是至关重要的。
It is important that this mission not fail.
这项使命不失败至关重要。
It is essential that a meeting be convened this week.
本周开一次会非常重要。
(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:
如:
Whether they would support us was a problem.
他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It was a problem whether they would support us.
他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good.
它对我们是利是害,还得看看再说。
(3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首。
如:
What we need is money.
我们需要的是钱。
What I want to know is this.
我想知道的就是这一点。
有时也可将助用形式主语。
如:
It is clear enough what he meant.
他是什么意思很清楚。
(4) 如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:
如:
Is it true that he is the girl’s father?
他是那女孩的父亲,是真的吗?
How is it that you are late again?
你怎么又迟到了?
三、连词that的省略问题
引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that可以省略:
如:
That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity.
很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk.
很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)
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