Module 3 My First Ride on a Train
目标认知
• 重点词汇
means, distance, scenery, product, abandon, shoot, frighten, event, exhausted, match
• 重点短语
get on, refer to, out of date,be short for
• 重点句型
1. What a/an (adj.) 单数名词 主语 谓语! ……多么……啊!
2. 过去分词作定语
3. What do you think of....?
4. the first time引导句子
知识讲解
• 重点词汇和短语
• means
【原句回放】
Match the verbs with the means of transport in activity 1. 将下列动词和活动1中的交通方式搭配起来。
【点拨】
means n.(单复数同形)方法,手段;工具
means of transportation 交通工具
The telephone is a means of communication.电话是一种交流工具。
As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be quiet, but in vain. (2015 湖南高考)
作为一个没有经验的老师,我尝试每一种方法让他们安静下来,但是无效。
All means have been tried.所有的方法都试过了。
means of transportation 交通工具
【拓展】
by all means尽一切办法;务必 by means of用;依靠
by no means绝不;并没有
She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.她绝不是个毫无经验的教师。
• distance
【原句回放】
Recently I had my first ride on a long distance train. 最近我第一次乘坐了长途火车。
【点拨】
distance n. 距离;间隔;远处;distance既可作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词,意为“距离,路程;冷淡”。对于“距离”的提问多用what,而不用how far或者how long.
What is the distance between your home and your school?
=How far it from your home to your school?
从你家到学校有多远?
in the distance 在远处
The girl stood there, watching until the train disappeared in the distance.
那姑娘站在那儿看着,直到火车消失在远处。
at a distance 相距;相隔
The picture looks more beautiful at a distance.这幅画远处看更漂亮一些。
There has been (a) great distance between the two close friends since their quarrel.
两个亲密的朋友自从争吵以后,就开始疏远了。
【拓展】
distant adj. 远的;远隔的;稀疏的;疏远的;冷淡的
be distant towards sb.对某人冷淡
at a distance of 在……远的地方
keep your distance from 与……保持一定距离
keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持距离;疏远
• scenery
【原句回放】
For the first few hundred kilometers of the journey, the scenery was very colorful.
在旅行的前几百公里,景色五彩缤纷。
【点拨】
scenery n. 风景;景色
We stopped now and then to admire the scenery.我们不时地停下来欣赏美景。
The road passes through the most charming scenery.这条大路穿过迷人的风景区。
【拓展】
scenery/view/scene/sight/landscape辨析
scenery是不可数名词,指某地总体的自然风景或景色。
view是可数名词,指从远处或高处看到的景观或景物。
scene是可数名词,常指自然风景,一般是scenery的一部分;还可指舞台的场景。
sight指“景色、情景、奇观”讲时为可数名词。
sights表示“景色,名胜”的含义。
landscape是不可数名词,指某一地区内见到的由丘陵、山谷、原野等构成的风景。
• product
【原句回放】
For many years, trained camels carried food and other supplies, and returned with wool and other products.许多年来,经过训练的骆驼把食物和其他物资送出去,并带回羊毛和其他产品。
【点拨】
product 产品,产品;结果;乘积;作品,是可数名词。
Advertisements persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. (2015安徽高考)
广告让我们相信更新的产品更好,并且用最时新的产品会更幸福。
20 is the product of 5 and 4.五乘以四等于二十。
The plan was the product of many days of careful thought.
这个计划是许多天仔细考虑的成果。
【拓展】
manufacture/product/ production/ produce辨析
manufacture 一般指机器大量制造的产品。
produce多指农产品(尤指蔬菜水果等)。
product一般指工业产品,也可泛指各种各样的产品。
production含义广泛,不同场合有不同的意思,可表示“产品,产物”,尤指人类智力或艺术劳动的产品。
• abandon
【原句回放】
We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
我们看到一些已废弃的农场,这些农场都是一百多年前建造的。
【点拨】
abandon vt. 丢弃,放弃,抛弃;放纵;abandoned是abandon的过去分词形式,用作形容词,意为“被遗弃的;被抛弃的”。
There was an abandoned house by the riverside.河边有一所无人居住的房子。
In each episode(一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.(2015北京高考)
在每一期的《荒野求生》节目中,贝尔﹒格里尔斯被留在荒野地区,不得不自己找到出路。
abandon oneself to 沉溺于,陷入
They abandoned themselves to drinking although they were drivers.
他们尽管是司机,还是沉溺于饮酒。
【拓展】
abandon/ desert区别
abandon往往表示由于他人放弃责任和应尽的义务而被抛弃,也可用于因疏于管理而荒废的情况;desert往往表示疏于管理而荒废。
It is a deserted/ abandoned school.这是一所废弃的学校。
The wild man came from a deserted island.这个野人来自于一个荒岛。
• shoot
【原句回放】
In 1925,they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem.
1925年,政府通过法律,允许人们在这些动物成为问题的时候射*它们。
【点拨】
shoot为及物动词,意为“射*”, 拍摄(电影、照片等)。其过去式及过去分词均为shot。
The police came around the corner and they shot at him.
警察拐过了街角,开始朝他开枪。
He’d love to shoot his film in Cuba.他很乐意在古巴拍摄他的影片。
【拓展】
shoot/shoot at辨析
shoot侧重用枪把某人打死或打伤,强调结果;shoot at指用枪朝某人或某物射击,强调动作过程(未必击中)。
He shot at the tree in the distance accidently, and a bird was shot.
他随意地朝远处的一棵树开了一枪,结果射中了一只小鸟。
• frighten
【原句回放】
The eagle suddenly flew in the air and frightened me. 鹰突然在空中飞起来,使我很害怕。
【点拨】
frighten vt. 吓唬,使惊恐;vi. 害怕,受惊吓
Sorry,I didn’t mean to frighten you.对不起,我不是故意吓唬你的。
News of the robberies frightened many people into fitting new locks to their doors.
抢劫的消息把许多人吓得都装上了新门锁。
【拓展】
frightened adj. 害怕的
frightening adj. 令人害怕的;令人恐惧的
frighten sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事
frighten sb. out of doing sth. 吓唬某人不做某事
be frightened of... 对……害怕
be frightened to do sth. 做……而害怕
“I think we’d better shut it off, Mark,” Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened. (2012 江西高考)
“我想我们最好把它关掉,马克。”詹森喊道,伸手去够电源。他真的害怕了。
• event
【原句回放】
She can’t remember events from a long time ago. 从很长时间以前她就记不得事情了。
【点拨】
event为可数名词,意为“事件”,尤指大事件,或体育赛事。
Television allows viewers to experience an event without any loss of immediacy.
电视让观众可以即时经历某一事件。
【拓展】
event/ affair/thing辨析
event尤其指大事情、事件。
affair强调小事情;(复数)事物或要素。如the world affairs,foreign affairs。
thing意为“事情”“事务”“东西”,指大事、小事、好事、坏事等,但一般不指专门的事务。
The culture exchange is a part of a nation’s foreign affairs.
文化交流是一个国家的外交事务的一部分。
To say is one thing, but to do is another.说是一回事,做又是另一回事。
• exhausted
【原句回放】
We were exhausted. 我们疲惫不堪。
【点拨】
exhausted是exhaust的过去分词形式,在例句中用作形容词,意为“疲惫不堪的”,表示人的状态。
be exhausted from/by/with由于某事而筋疲力尽, 类似于be tired from(由于某事而感到累的)。
exhaust v.使精疲力竭;耗尽
They said that food supplies were almost exhausted.
他们说供应的食物几乎快要吃完了。
exhausting adj.令人精疲力竭的
The long cycle ride exhausted her.她因长途骑车而疲惫不堪。
I’ve had an exhausting day.我这一天过得很疲惫。
• match
【原句回放】
Match the words in the box with the pictures. 把方框中的单词和图片匹配。
【点拨】
match vt.使较量,使比赛;vt. & vi. (使)相配, (使)相称。match的基本意思是“使较量,使比赛”。引申可作“匹敌,敌得过,比得上”解,着重指在力量、完美程度、兴趣等方面可与之相比或配得上。match用作不及物动词时,常与介词with连用,,也常和副词well, nicely, beautifully等连用。
Those two shoes don't match.那两只鞋不是一双。
No one can match him in argument.在辩论上没人抵得过他。
John and Henry will be matched in the final.约翰和亨利将在决赛中对阵。
match n. 比赛,竞赛;对手,敌手;相似之物,相配之物;婚姻,婚姻对象;火柴
lose the match 输掉比赛 light a match 点燃火柴
strike a match 划火柴 tight match 势均力敌的比赛
The match ended in a tie.比赛打成了平局
These two players are good matches.这两名选手是好搭档。
The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match.蓝衬衫和灰色领带很相称。
• 重点短语
• get on
【原句回放】
We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs, right in the middle of Australia, more than four thousand kilometers away.
我们在悉尼上火车,在爱丽斯泉下车,恰好位于澳大利亚中部,在四千公里之外。
【点拨】
get on上(车、船等);进展,进行;相处
get on/off表示“上/下车”时,常用于bus, train, bike, ship, horse等;用get in(into)/out of(from)表示从air, car等进出。
Everything was getting on very well.一切进展非常顺利。
How are you getting on/along with your English? 你的英语学得怎么样?
He is not an easy man to get on with.他不好相处。
The workers couldn’t get on for lack of materials.由于缺乏材料,工人们无法进行下去。
• refer to
【原句回放】
Some of the verbs can refer to more than one means of transport. 有些动词可以涉及到不止一种交通方式。
【点拨】
refer to... 指的是;提及……;查阅;参考
refer...to... 让……参阅/参照……;叫(人)去(某处或某人处);把……委托/交付给……
refer to...as... 将……称为……
refer to a dictionary查字典=look up a word in a dictionary查词典=consult a dictionary
This rule refers to everyone. 这条规则适用于任何人。
What I have to say referred to all of you.我要说的话涉及到你们大家。
If you meet with any new word, refer to the dictionary.遇到生词要查词典。
California is referred to as the “Golden State”.加利福尼亚被称作“黄金之州”。
He referred the student to the counselor.他叫那个学生去找辅导员。
The problem was referred to the committee.该问题已交付委员会处理。
The speaker often referred to his notes.那个演讲的人不时地看发言稿。
• out of date
【原句回放】
It’s out of date. 它过期了。
【点拨】
out of date过时的;过期的;老式的
This ticket is out of date. It’s two months old.这张票过期了,已经有两个月了。
These machines are already a little out of date.这些机器已经有点陈旧了。
The dresses on show are out of date.展出的服装都过时了。
【拓展】
out of date相关短语
up to date 现代化的;最新式的 date back to/from 追溯到;始建于
have a date for sb. 同某人约会 out of breath 上气不接下气,气喘吁吁
out of control 失控 out of order 出毛病
out of reach 够不着 out of question 不成问题的;可能的
out of the question成问题的;不可能的 out of shape 变形
• be short for
【原句回放】
Ghan is short for Afghanistan. “Ghan”是Afghanistan(阿富汗)的缩写。
【点拨】
be short for 是……的简称;是……的缩写
NATO is short for North Atlantic Treaty Organization.NATO是“北大西洋公约组织”的缩写。
【拓展】
be short of短少;缺少;未达到;除了 short cut 捷径
short of funds 资金短缺 for short 作为简称,作为缩写
in short 简单地说,总之
• 重点句型
1. What a/an (adj.) 单数名词 主语 谓语! ……多么……啊!
【原句回放】
What a ride! 多么美妙的旅程啊!
【点拨】
以what引导的感叹句,一般有三种形式,此时what为形容词,作定语,用来修饰它后面的名词或词组。
what a/an 形容词 可数名词单数 主语 谓语!
What a good girl she is! 她是个多么好的一个女孩啊!
what 形容词 不可数名词 主语 谓语!
What bad weather it is! 多么糟糕的天气啊!
what 形容词 可数名词复数 主语 谓语。
What good students they are! 他们是多么好的学生啊!
【拓展】
how引导的感叹句也有三种结构形式。此时how是副词,用来修饰其后的形容词或副词,也可以修饰动词。
How 形容词 主语 谓语!
How hot it is today! 今天多么热呀!
How 副词 主语 谓语!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快呀!
How 主语 谓语!
How time flies! 光阴似箭!
2. 过去分词作定语
【原句回放】
We ate great meals cooked by experts! 我们吃的美味饭菜是由烹饪大师做的!
【点拨】
有过去分词短语作定语的结构,表示被动和已发生的动作。相当于含有被动语态的定语从句。过去分词作定语放在被修饰的词前或后;过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的词后。
We are going to talk about the problem discussed at the last meeting.
(=...problem which was discussed...)
我们准备谈一谈上次会上讨论的问题。
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
(=...nothing that has been changed...)
自从我两年前离开这个小城后,几乎没有什么改变。
动词的过去分词作定语时,该词通常是及物动词;如果是不及物动词的过去分词作定语,往往不表示被动,只表示动作完成。
They have cleaned the fallen leaves. 他们已经清理了这些落叶。
His father is a retired worker.他爸爸是一个退休工人。
3. What do you think of....?
【原句回放】
Where do you think most of the people live, in the central part of the country or on the coast?
你认为大多数人生活在哪里:国家的中部还是沿海?
【点拨】
此句是一种复合特殊疑问句。其结构是:特殊疑问词 do you think 陈述句结构。do you think是插入语。无论疑问词在句中作什么成分,think后面都用陈述语序。除think外,常见的动词还有:believe, consider, suppose, imagine, guess和suggest等。
Who do you think is fit for the job?你认为谁能胜任这项工作?
What do you think has happened to Peter?你认为彼得发生了什么事?
I think, I believe, I suppose, I guess, I imagine, I find, I understand, I trust, I know, I say, I hear等可用作插入语,置于句中或句末,通常用逗号隔开;此类插入语若置于定语从句中,可不用标点。
It is impossible, I think, that we should finish the job in such a short period of time.
我认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。
• 4. the first time引导句子
【原句回放】
Tell other students about the first time you did one of the activities.
给其他同学说说你第一次做下列活动的情况。
【点拨】
the first time 首次;第一次。常引导时间状语从句,其重点不是讲第一次做什么,而是说明另一动作或情况;也可以作表语,强调到说话为止某一情况或动作的次数。
I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.
第一次见到她,我就知道我们会成为好朋友。
This is the first time I have been to the Great Wall.这是我第一次去长城。
【拓展】
for the first time 首次;第一次。表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事,在句中一般单独作状语。
The two girl students met each other for the first time at the beginning of the term
两位女生在开学初首次见面。
at the first time 是介词短语,在第一次。
He won the match at the first time.他在第一次比赛中就获胜了。