needn't have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“本没必要……”。
如：You needn't have waken me up; I don't have to go to work today.
表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句
He must/may be in the room, isn't he?
He can't be in the room, is he？
He must have finished the work, hasn't he?
He may have done the work last night, didn't he?
情态动词 行为动词进行式
情态动词 行为动词进行式（即情态动词 be v-ing形式），表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。
如：He must be playing basketball in the room.
She may be staying at home.
情态动词 行为动词完成进行式
情态动词 行为动词完成进行式（即情态动词 have been v-ing 形式），表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。
如：They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
used to v, be used to v-ing和be used to v
⒈ used to v意为“过去常常”，“过去一直”；
be used to v-ing/ n（名词）意为“习惯于”；
be used to v意为“被用来（做某事）”。
⒉ used to只表示过去，而be used to v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。
如：He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.
He’s quite used to hard work /working hard.
The knife is used to cut bread.
用作情态动词的其他短语
would rather,would sooner,would (just) as soon, had rather, hadbetter, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。
如：The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
The brave soldier would as soon dieas yield to such an enemy.
I'd rather walk than take a bus.
If you do't like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形。would (had) rather,would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。
如：I would rather you came on Sunday.
I would sooner you hadn’t asked me to speak yesterday.
动词的时态和语态
I.单项填空（有46题）
1.【2019·江苏】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
II.语法填空（有30题）
1.（2019全国I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _____ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
【答案】have reported
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
2.（2019全国II卷）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ______(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
III.短文改错（有23题）
1.（2019全国III卷）Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
【答案】required改为requires
【解析】本句考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把 required改为 requires。
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分享高考英语50个知识点要掌握
1
动词短语搭配
1. be fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式
[1] He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
[2] Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗?
[3] He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。
2. hunt for = look for 寻找
hunt for a job 找工作
3. in order to/so as to
两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.
[1] He went to Beijing in order to/so as to attend an important meeting.
[2] In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.
为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。
4. care about
[1] 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care for
She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。
[2] 关心 = care for
She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people. 她只考虑自己。不关心别人。
[3] 在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）
These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。
5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry. 她教三门科目,像物理、化学。
6. drop a line 留下便条, 写封短信
7. make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束
If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.
如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。
8. stay up 不睡；熬夜
[1] I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.
我将回家很晚，不要等我了。
[2] He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.
他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。
9. come about 引起；发生；产生
[1] How did the accident come about?
这场事故是怎么发生的？
[2] They didn't know how the change had come about.
他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。
10. except for 除……之外
[1] except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：
①He answered all the questions except the last one.
除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。
②We go there everyday except Sunday.
除了星期天，我们天天去那里。
[2] except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：
①Except for oneold lady, the bus was empty.
除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。
②Your picture isgood except for the colours.
你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。
[3] 但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：
He answered all the questions except for the last one.
[4] 另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。
We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.
除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。
11. end up with 以……告终；以……结束
The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。
12. more or less 几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上
[1] I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.
我差不多成功了，而他们没有。
[2] Our living condition has more or less improved.
我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。
13. bring in 引进；引来；吸收
[1] We should bring in new technology.
我们应该引进新技术。
[2] He brings in 800 dollars a month.
他一个月挣八百美元。
14. get away（from） 逃离
[1] The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.
小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。
[2] I caught a really big fish but it got away.
我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。
15. watch out （for）注意；留心
[1] Watch out! There is a car coming.
小心！汽车来了。
[2] Watch out for the hole in the road.
留神路上的那个坑。
16. see sb. off 给某人送行
Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.
明天我到火车站给朋友送行。
17. on the other hand 另一方面; 用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等，常说 on the one hand …… on the other hand 一方面……另一方面。
I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.
我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。
18. as well as 和，还
He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.
她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。
19. take place 发生
take one’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位
take sb’s place 或 take the place of 代替、取代
20. on fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧；着火；起火”，有静态的含意。catch fire有动态的含意。
set…on fire/set fire to…用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。
Look, the theatre is on fire! Let’s go and help.瞧，剧院着火了，咱们去帮忙救火吧。
21. on holiday 在度假，在休假中
When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle.
我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。
22. travel agency旅行社
=travel bureau
23. take off
[1] 脱下(衣服等), 解(除)掉
He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。
[2] （飞机）起飞
The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。
[3] 匆匆离开
The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车，匆匆离开去公园。
24. go wrong v. 走错路, 误入岐途, (机器等)发生故障
25. in all adv. 总共
26. stay away v.外出
27. look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间）
Look up the word in the dictionary. 在字典里查单词。
相关词组：look for 寻找；look after照顾，照料；look forward to期待；look into调查；look on旁观；look out注意；look out for注意，留心，提防；look over翻阅，查看，检查；look around环视；look through翻阅，查看。
28. run after 追逐，追求
If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只兔子，你一只也抓不到。
29. on the air 广播
[1] We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。
[2] This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。
30. think highly/well/much of对……评价很高, 赞赏, 对……印象好;
think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好, 对……不在意, 不赞成, 觉得……不怎么样
[1] He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。
[2] I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。
[3] I don’t think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。
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