Lesson25 The Cutty Sark
One of the most famous sailing ships（n.帆船）of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark（“卡蒂萨克”号）, can still be seen at Greenwich（格林威治仍）. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past. Before they were replaced by steam-ships（蒸汽船）, sailing vessels（n.帆船）like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae([θə'mɒpəli:] “塞姆皮雷”号). Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails(有帆的船) and the beginning of a new era([ˈɪərə] ).
The first of the two ships to reach Java(['dʒɑ:və] )after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead. It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder(n.船舵) was torn away(撕掉). The Cutty Sark rolled（vi.左右摇晃）from side to side and it became impossible to steer（vt.& vi.驾驶; 操纵，控制）her. A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks（（厚）木板; 支持物）（备用木板）and it was fitted with（装上）great difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she travelled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead（失去领先地位）. After crossing the equator（[ɪˈkweɪtə(r)] ）, the captain called in at a port（停靠在港口） to have a new rudder fitted（v.安装）, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed（以极快的速度）, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable（卓越的; 显著的; 非凡的）, considering that she had had so many delays. There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
人们在格林威治仍可看到19世纪最有名的帆船之一“卡蒂萨克”号。它停在陆地上，每年接待成千上万的参观者。它给人们留下深刻的印象，使人们回忆起历史上的巨型帆船，在蒸汽船取代帆船之前。“卡蒂萨克”号之类的帆船被用来从中国运回茶叶，从澳大利亚运回羊毛。“卡蒂萨克”号是帆船制造史上建造的最快的一艘帆船。唯一可以与之一比高低的是“塞姆皮雷”号帆船。两船于1872年6月18日同时从上海启航驶往英国，途中展开了一场激烈的比赛。这场比赛持续了整整4个月，是这类比赛中的最后一次，它标志着帆船伟大传统的结束与一个新纪元的开始。 比赛开始后，“赛姆皮雷”号率先抵达爪哇岛。但在印度洋上，“卡萨萨克”号驶到了前面。看来，它首先返抵英国是确信无疑的了，但它却在比赛中连遭厄运。8月份“卡蒂萨克”号遭到一场特大风暴的袭击，失去了一只舵。船身左右摇晃，无法操纵。船员用备用的木板在船上赶制了一只应急用的舵，并克服重重困难将舵安装就位，这样一来，大大降低了船的航速。因为船不能开得太快，否则就有危险，应急舵也会被刮走。因为这个缘故，“卡蒂萨克”号落到了后面。跨越赤道后，船长将船停靠在一个港口，在那儿换了一只舵。但此时，“赛姆皮雷”号早已在500多英里之遥了。尽管换装新舵时分秒必争，但“卡蒂萨克”号已经不可能取胜了，它抵达英国时比“塞姆皮雷”号晚了1个星期。但考虑到路上的多次耽搁，这个成绩也已很不容易了。毫无疑问，如果中途没有失去舵， “卡帝萨克”号肯定能在比赛中轻易夺冠。
Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark 卡蒂萨克”号帆船New words and expression 生词和短语
Impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
scene n.现场, 场面, 情景 -- This is the impressive scene. 这是给人深刻印象的一幕
impression n.印象
-- make a lasting impression to sb. 给人以不可磨灭的印象
-- have a false impression of sb. 对某人有错误的看法
-- gave sb. impression that… 给某人…的印象
impress vt.留下印象 -- What impressed me most is your diligence.（n.勤奋）
impress sb with… 用…给某人留下深刻的印象 -- you impressed me with your beautiful clothes.
Steamship n.蒸汽轮船
Vessel n.轮船, 大木船（非常正式的表达方式, 用于文学体中, 可以代替ship、boat）
-- a fishing vessel / a sailing vessel帆船
Ship n.大船；舰艇
Boat n.小船, 艇（比ship小, 在非正式的场合可以替换） -- a fishing boat
Era n.时期, 时代（= a period time in history）
-- the beginning of the new era / the end of old era
Era n.时代, 纪元（人类历史上很长的时期, 以特别的事件为标志）
-- The Christian era starts with the birth of Christ. 公元(基督教时代)是从耶稣诞生起算。
-- Christian n.基督徒, 信徒 adj.基督教的, 信基督教的
-- We are now in a great new era of information. 我们现在正处于一个新的伟大的信息时代。
Time n.时代, 时期（比era的时间短）
-- Roman time 罗马时代 / ancient time 古代
Age n.时代（特定的历史阶段, 和其它词构成专有名词）
-- stone age 石器时代 / modern age 当今时代 / middle ages 中世纪
Java n.爪哇（印度尼西亚一岛）
Rudder n.舵
Roll v.颠簸, 摇摆
Steer v.掌握方向（驾驶交通工具）
-- He steer the boat suddenly. 他突然改变了这艘船的方向。
Drive vt.驾驶马车、汽车、火车
Pilot vt.驾驶飞机、轮船
Temporary adj.临时的（= lasting for a short/limited time）
-- temporary jobs / temporary houses
temporarily adv.暂时的, 临时的
temporariness n.暂时
transient adj.短暂的, 瞬时的
-- transient happiness
permanent adj.永久的, 持久的
-- I have a permanent job here. 我在这里有一个永久的工作。
Contemporary adj. 当代的, 同时代的, 同年龄的
-- He is a contemporary writer.
Plank n.大块木板
Fit v.安装
Equator n.赤道
Delay n.耽误
winning
Australia n.澳洲, 澳大利亚
Exactly adv.正好, 恰好, 十分, 确切地, 精确地
Tradition n.传统, 惯例
Indian adj.印度的, 印度人的, 印第安人的 n.印度人, 印第安人, 印第安语
tear vt.vi.（tore, torn, tearing）
storm n.暴风雨, 暴风雪
danger n.危险 port n.港, 港口
win vt.vi.（won, won, winning）
Text 课文
What piece of bad luck prevented the Cutty Sark from winning the race?
One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be
seen at Greenwich.
One of the most famous… 最著名的…之一
She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year.
Dry land 陆地
Each year = every year = per year
-- The aeroplane stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year.
She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past.
Serve as = act as 担任, 充当, 起...作用
impressive reminder of… 给人留下深刻的印象, 并使人回忆起…
Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to
carry tea from China and wool from Australia.
Replace (vt.) = take place of
Steamship n.汽船, 轮船
sailship = sailing ship = sailing vessel n.帆船
The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built.
The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae.
Match = be equal to 与…相匹敌, 相比
Match in/for
-- No form of transport can match aeroplane for speed and comfortable.
-- Transport n.交通工具, 运输系统, 运输, 运送
-- The hotel can't be matched for service and food. 这家旅馆服务和食物是无与伦比的。
-- No clothing can match your dress for beauty. 没有哪件衣服能和你的这条裙子相比。
To match her做定语修饰ship
Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England.
-- The two planes set out form New York on an unforgettable race.
Forgettable adj.容易被忘的, 可忘记的
Unforgettable adj.忘不了的, 令人难忘的
This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind.
Which指代this race, 引导非限定性定语从句。
-- The operation, which lasted two weeks, proved to be very difficult.
It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new
era.
Ships with sails = sailing ship = sailing vessel n.帆船
Mark the end of… 标志着…的结束
The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but
on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead.
= After the race had begun, the first of the two ships to reach Java was the Thermopylae,…
take the lead 处于领先地位 / lose the lead 失去领先地位
in the lead 处于领先地位（表示状态）
take over the lead 取得领先地位
It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck.
It seem certain that…
She had a lot of bad luck = she was unlucky
In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.
Be struck by a very heavy rain/storm 严重的遇到了雨/雪
Be caught in the rain/snow 遇到了雨/雪
During(介词)用于关系代词which之前
Tear away = destroyed = pull down (摧毁, 推翻)
The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her.
It became impossible (for captain) to steer her
A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great
difficulty.
It = the temporary rudder
Fit = equip（vt.装备）
This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she travelled too
quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well.
There was a danger that 同位语从句
Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead.
Lost her lead 失去领先地位
After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by
now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.
Call in at = (船)停靠, (人)拜访
-- He calls in at his friend’s home every week.
To… = in order to… = so as to… 目的是…
Have sth done Be now到如今 = so far到目前为止
Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark
to win.
At tremendous speed = at fantastic speed = at enormous speed
She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae.
Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays.
Remarkable adj.不平常的, 非凡的, 值得注意的, 显著的
Unusual adj.不平常的, 与众不同的, 不寻常的
Uncommon adj.不平常的, 不平凡的, 罕有的, 难得的
Extraordinary adj.非常的, 特别的, 非凡的
Considering（连接词）用来引导完整的语句
-- We should forgive him considering that he was ill badly
-- forgive vt.原谅, 饶恕
-- Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 就他的年龄来说, 这小孩读得算挺好的。
There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
There is no doubt that… = without any doubt
-- There is now doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问他是有罪的。
There is some doubt wh-…
-- There is some doubt whether he is guilty. 难以肯定他是否有罪。
与过去事实的相反的虚拟语气
-- If the houses of parliament had not been burned down, the Big Ben would never have been erected.（vt.使竖立, 使直立, 树立, 建立）
与现在事实的相反的虚拟语气
-- If you talked less and ate more we would both enjoy our dinner.
