Hello everyone and welcome back to English With Lucy. Today, I've got a very important video for you about verbs with two past tenses.
大家好，欢迎回到跟着Lucy学英语。今天我为你们带来了一个非常重要的视频，主要讲解在有两种过去时态的动词。
So you might have seen learned written down and learnt as well. This video is going to contain 15 examples of verbs that have two different past tenses.
所以你们可能见过learned和learnt。本视频要讲解15个具有两种不同过去式的动词作为范例。
And I'm going to explain why and I'll let you know if they are correct or incorrect because it varies according to which verb you're looking at. This video is really gonna help you with your vocabulary and your writing skills, more than anything.
我还要解释原因，并且我会让你们知道它们是否正确，因为它会根据你看到的动词而变化。重要的是，本视频真的会帮助你提升的你词汇、你的写作技巧。
But if you want to improve your pronunciation and your listening skills even further, then I highly recommend the special method of reading actual books whilst listening to the audiobook version on Audible. It sounds a bit complicated but it is a fantastic method that has helped so many of my students.
但是如果你想要你的发音和听力技巧更上一层楼，那么我强烈建议你使用在阅读实体书的同时在Audible上听有声书版本的特殊方法。这个听起来有点复杂，但是这是一个很棒的方法，它帮助了我很多学生。
So let me explain. Take a book that you have already read in English or a book that you would like to read in English, I've got lots of recommendations down below in the description box, and read that book whilst listening to the audiobook version on Audible.
那么让我来解释一下吧。选一本你已经读过了的，或者你想要读的用英语写的书，我在下面的描述栏里推荐了很多，然后在阅读这本书的同时在Audible上听对应的有声书的版本。
So as you are reading a sentence, you are also hearing that sentence. Reading alone will not help you with your pronunciation in English.
所以在你看一个句子的同时，你也听到了那个句子。仅仅阅读不会帮助你的发音。
The way a word is spelt or written in English doesn't always give you a good indication as to how that word is pronounced in English. It's really frustrating for learners.
一个单词的拼法和写法不会告诉你它的读法。这让学习者们感到很沮丧。
If you listen to a word, as you read it, your brain will start making connections. And the next time you see that word written down, you'll know exactly how it sounds, how it's meant to be pronounced and the next time you hear that word, you'll know exactly how it's spelt or written.
如果你在看一个单词的同时还听到了它，那么你的大脑会开始产生联系。那么下一次你看到这个词的时候，你就知道它的读法了，它该如何读。
It is such an effective method and the best part is you can get one free audiobook, that's a 30 day free trial on Audible. All you've got to do is click on the link in the description box and sign up.
这是一个非常有效的方法，而且最棒的是你可以获得一本免费的有声书，即Audible的30天免费试用期。你只需要点击描述栏中的链接，然后注册。
Right let's get started with this lesson. Okay I'm going to go through in alphabetical order.
好的，我们开始上课吧。好的，我要按照字母顺序来讲解。
I've got 15 verbs. I'm gonna tell you the verb.
我准备了15个动词。我要跟你们讲解动词。
I'm going to tell you the two different spellings and the corresponding pronunciations because the pronunciation does change in most of them. I'll give you the definition, the reason and the example.
我要告诉你们两种不同的拼法以及对应的发音，因为它们中大部分的发音确实发生了变化。我会给你们定义，原因，以及例子。
There's lots to cover but I really think that this will clear up a lot of your doubts because I get so many questions, things like why did you say learnt in the title instead of learned? Well, this is going to clear it up.
有很多内容要讲，但是我真心认为这样会清楚你所有的疑问，因为我受到了很多问题，比如为什么在标题里写的是learnt而不是learned。嗯，这个视频会把它讲清楚的。
So the first one is the verb to burn, to burn. And this means to destroy or damage by fire or heat.
那么第一个要讲的是动词燃烧，燃烧。它的意思是用火或热量去毁坏或破坏。
Now for the past tenses, there are two different spellings or pronunciations. You can have burnt with a T or burned with E-D.
它的过去式有两种不同的拼法和发音。你可以写带t的burnt，或者带ed的burned。
Burnt, burned. Now you're going to see a trend with a lot of the regular verbs here.
Burnt，burned。那么你要看到很多规则动词都适应的趋势。
In British English, for a lot of these verbs we use a T at the end for the past tenses. In American English, they use E-D.
在英式英语中，很多这些动词我们都是以t结尾作为它的过去式的。在美式英语中，他们用的是ed。
Now because we live in such a multicultural society, and in the UK, we watch a lot of things from America and in America, they watch a lot of things from the UK, there is some overlap.So you will see burned being used in the UK and burnt being used in the US.
因为现在我们生活在一个如此多元文化的社会中，在英国，我们看到很多来自美国的东西，同时在美国，他们看到很多来自英国的东西，其中有重叠的部分。所以你会看到在英国有使用burned的，而burnt也在美国使用。
But in general, burnt is British and burned is American. So in British English, she burnt her hand on the kettle.
但是一般来说，burnt是英式的，而burned是美式的。所以在英式英语中，是她的手碰到水壶烫到了，用的是burnt。
In American English, she burned her hand on the kettle. Both are correct.
而在美式英语中，是她的手碰到水壶烫到了，用的是burned。两个都是对的。
You can decide which one to use. Choose your favourite accent.
你可以自行决定用哪一个。选择你最喜欢的口音。
Choose your favourite dialect and just go with that. The important thing is that you are consistent.
选择你最喜欢的方言，然后就一直那样说。重要的是你要一以贯之。
Now number two is creep, creep. And this means to move slowly, and in the case of humans or animals, with your body closer to the ground.
第二个是爬行，爬行。这个词的意思是指缓慢地移动，而在指代人或动物时，你的身体会贴近地面。
Now there are two past tenses but only one of them is officially correct. The other one has creept. . . crept into the English language because of a common phrasal verb.
它有两种过去式，但是只有一种是官方认证正确的。另一个是因为一个常用的动词短语才爬进了英语语言中。
And I'll explain this. So the official way to the say the past tense of to creep is crept, crept.
我来解释。那么creep的过去式的官方形式是crept，crept。
However, you will find many people, especially in American English saying creeped, creeped. So it's the vowel sound that changes.
但是你会发现很多人，尤其是在美式英语中说的是creeped，creeped。所以元音的发音变了。
Now the reason people say creeped instead of crept is because of the phrasal verb, to creep out, to creep out. For this specific phrasal verb, the past tense is creeped out.
人们会说creeped而不是crept的原因是动词短语creep out（受惊吓）。这个特殊的动词短语的过去式是creeped out。
I was so creeped out. Because of this, creeped has now crept into the English language and it's starting to become more accepted.
我吓坏了。因为这个原因，creeped现在爬进了英语语言中，并且开始被广泛接受。
But it is not grammatically correct at present. Let's see if suddenly the dictionaries will start letting it in.
但是目前它从语法上来说是错误的。我们看看字典会不会突然有一天把它收录进去吧。
An example using both to creep and creep out in the past tense. She crept along the corridor and was creeped out when she saw a shadow.
一个同时使用creep和creepout的例句。她沿着走廊爬行，当她看见一个影子的时候被吓坏了。
We wouldn't say she was crept out. It doesn't sound right at all.
我们不会说 she was crept out。这听起来完全不对。
Number three is dive, dive. And this means to jump into water with your head and arms going in first.
第三个是跳水，跳水。这个词的意思是你跳进水里，头和胳膊先进去。
Now, there are two ways that people say the past tenses of dive. However, only one is officially correct.
那么dive的过去式有两种。但是只有一个是官方承认是正确的。
The correct way is to say dived, dived. She dived into the water.
正确的形式是dived，dived。她跳进水中。
However, people are starting to say dove and this is especially in American English. And they think that this is happening because of the rise in popularity of the verb to drive.
但是人们开始说dove，尤见于美式英语中。他们认为原因是drive，开车这个词的流行。
Obviously a 100 years ago, people wouldn't use the verb to drive that much because not everyone had cars. And the past tense of to drive is drove so they think, drive, drove, dive, dove.
很显然，100年前，人们不会这么频繁地使用这个词，因为并不是所有人都有汽车。而drive的过去式是drove，所以他们认为drive，drove，所以dive，dove。
It's not correct, but it is now commonly used. An example of using the correct past tense of dive is he dived into the cool turquoise lagoon.
这是不对的，但是现在常常被使用。使用dive过去式的正确形式的例子是他跳进了松石绿的湖泊里。
That's such a nice sentence. Number four is to dream, to dream, meaning to experience whilst asleep.
这句子真美。第四个是做梦，做梦，意思是在睡着的状态下体验事物。
Now this is another case of the T or E-D ending dilemma. We end with T in British English and they end with E-D in American English, both are correct.
这是t还是ed结尾难题的另一个案例。英式英语中我们以t结尾，而在美式英语中，他们以ed结尾，两个都对。
Both are absolutely fine. You've just got to be consistent.
两个都很好。只是你要保持一致。
So we have dreamt, dreamt in British English and dreamed, dreamed in American English. Now notice the vowel sound changes but also the consonant sound at the end changes.
所以英式英语中我们使用dreamt，dreamt，而在美式英语中使用dreamed，dreamed。请注意元音改变了，而且词尾的辅音也变了。
Dreamt, dreamt, dreamed, dreamed. And I think the British English version is usually harder for learners of English to pronounce because the m to t sound, you're going from a voiced consonant sound to an unvoiced one and that for some reason is quite complicated for our mouths.
Dreamt，dreamt，dreamed，dreamed。我认为通常英式英语的发音对很多英语学习者来说更难，因为从/m/到/t/，你要从一个浊辅音过渡到清辅音，而出于某种原因，这对我们的嘴巴来说挺复杂的。
Dreamt, dreamt. We almost want to put a p sound in there, dreamt.
Dreamt，dreamt。我们几乎想要在中间加一个/p/音。
But don't do that. An example, I always dreamt of becoming a YouTuber.
别这样做。一个例子，我一直梦想成为一个油管播主。
That's a lie. I wanted to be a reconstructive plastic surgeon.
这是个谎言。我以前想成为一个整形医生。
I wanted to help people rebuild their faces after crashes. You lean something new about me every day.
我想要帮助车祸后的人们重建他们的脸。你每天都会了解我多一点点。
Let's move on to number five. This is to grind, grind.
我们来说第五个吧。那就是碾碎，碾碎。
This means to break or crush something into very small pieces either using two hard surfaces or a special machine. Now this is an irregular verb so the past tense is ground, ground.
这个词的意思是用两个坚硬的表面或某种特别的机器把某物破碎成小块。这是一个不规则动词，所以过去式是ground，ground。
She grounded. However, some people do make the mistake of saying grinded, grinded and this is becoming more mainstream because of American sports commentary.
她碾碎。但是有些人确实会错误地说成grinded，grinded，而且这个正变得越来越主流，因为美国的体育实况解说。
So you're more likely to hear grinded in American English. But of course, it will sometimes bleed into British English as well.
所以你在美式英语中更可能会听到grinded。但是当然它有时候也会流入英式英语。
So because the term grinded is accepted in American sports commentary, people now say it more and more out of context as well. An example, the team grinded out a 10, null victory.
所以因为grinded在美国体育实况解说中是被接受的，人们现在也在文本中说得越来越多。举个例子，这个队10比0碾压。
An example of the correct use of ground, I ground the chili seeds into a powder before adding them to the dish. Number six is kneel, kneel.
一个正确使用ground的例子是，我把在把辣椒籽放进菜里碾成粉。第六个是下跪，下跪。
Now it's funny because in British English we say knelt, knelt, which makes it an irregular verb. However in American English, they say kneeled, kneeled.
这很有趣，因为在英式英语中我们说knelt，knelt，这使得它成为一个不规则动词。然而在美式英语中，他们说kneeled，kneeled。
They do also sometimes say knelt, but they are also inclined to say kneeled, which kind of makes it a regular one. To kneel means to be in or to move into a position where your body is supported by a knee or knees.
他们确实有时候说knelt，但是它们还倾向于说kneeled，这让它成为了一个规则动词。下跪的意思是处于或转变成一个姿势，你的身体被你的一个膝盖或双膝支撑。
And an example, when he knelt or kneeled down on one knee to ask her to marry him, he felt nervous. Number seven is very similar again, it is to lean, to lean.
一个例子，当他单膝下跪向她求婚的时候，他感到很紧张。第七个也很类似，那就是倚靠，倚靠。
There are two definitions for this. It could mean to rest on or against something for support.
这个词有两个定义。它可以指在某物上或顶着某物来寻求支撑。
It could also mean to bend or move from a vertical position. In British English, we say leant, leant.
它还可以指从竖直位置弯曲或偏离。在英式英语中我们说leant，leant。
In American English, you guessed it, they say leaned, leaned. I'll do examples with both meanings.
在美式英语中，你们猜猜，他们说leaned，leaned。我会给出两个意思的例句的。
The man leant on the wall. The woman leaned out of the window.
这个男的倚靠在墙上。这个女的从窗户探出身子。
Either pronunciation and spelling can be used for either one, depending on who's talking. Number eight, again, very very similar.
任意一种发音和拼写都可以使用，取决于谁在说话。第八个，还是一个非常类似的。
It is to leap, to leap. This means to jump high or a long way.
那就是跳跃，跳跃。这个词的意思是跳得很高或很远。
In British English, we say leapt, leapt. And in American English, they usually say leaped, leaped.
在英式英语中我们说leapt，leapt。而在美式英语中，他们一般说，leaped，leaped。
An example, the dolphin leapt out of the water. Number nine is another similar one and it's the one I get asked about most, especially by Americans who have stumbled across my videos where I've said how I learnt Spanish or something like that.
举个例子，海豚从水中跃出。第九个也是一个类似的，而且这个词是我收到最多询问的词，尤其是美国人，每当我说我如何学习西班牙语或类似的话，他们在我的各个视频里说。
It is to learn, learn. And this means to gain knowledge by studying, being taught or experience.
那就是学会，学会。这个词的意思是通过学习、受教或体验来获取知识。
In British English, we say learnt, learnt. American English, they say learned, learned.
在英式英语中，我们说learnt，learnt。在美式英语中，他们说learned，learned。
An example, I learnt a lot in English class yesterday or I learned a lot in English class yesterday. Now number 10 is to plead, to plead.
一个例句，I learnt a lot in English class yesterday 或者 I learned a lot in English class yesterday（我在昨天的英语课上学到了很多）。第10个是祈求，祈求。
Now there are two possible past tenses for to plead. But only one is correct.
祈求这个词有两种过去式形式。但是只有一个是对的。
But the incorrect one is now becoming widely accepted. So the correct past tense is pleaded, pleaded.
但是错误的那一个现在被广泛接受。正确的过去式应该是pleaded，pleaded。
However, pled, pled is becoming more common. But it's not officially correct.
然是pled，pled正变得越来越常见。但是它不是官方认证正确的。
And it's rejected by grammar lovers. It has two common meanings.
而且它被语爱好者拒绝。它有两种常见的含义。
It could mean to ask someone for something in a very strong or serious way. It could also mean to state in court that you are guilty or not guilty of a crime.
它可以指以一种强烈或严肃的方式向某人索要某物。它也可以指在法庭上陈述你是否犯了某项罪行。
You might have heard he pled guilty when technically it should be he pleaded guilty. Let's look at examples of both definitions.
你可能听过he pled guilty（他认罪了），但实际上应该是he pleaded guilty。我们来看看两种含义的例句吧。
She pleaded with her mum to let her get a puppy. Or he pleaded or pled insanity in court.
她求她妈妈让她养一只小狗。或者他在法庭上辩护自己精神失常。
If you are going to use pled, it's normally used with the second definition when we're talking about a legal situation. Now number 11 is to shrink, to shrink, which means to become or make something smaller.
如果你要使用pled，它一般用到的是第二个含义，这时我们谈论的是一个法律场景。第11个是缩小，缩小，意思是变得或使某物变得更小。
Now this one does have two different past tense. It's an irregular verb, so the past simple is shrank, and the participle is shrunk.
这个词确实有两种不同的过去式。这是一个不规则动词，所以一般过去式是shrank，而过去分词是shrunk。
Shrink, shrank, shrunk. However, there is a movie that has messed this up for everyone.
Shrink，shrank，shrunk。但是有一部电影让大家把这个混淆了。
And the movie is Honey, I Shrunk the Kids. Now, I shrunk should be I shrank because that's the past simple.
这部电影就是《亲爱的，我把孩子缩小了》。这里的I shrunk应该是I shrank，因为这里是一般过去时。
Now this technically should be honey, I've shrunk the kids or honey, I shrank the kids. The title of the movie is grammatically incorrect.
这个其实应该是I've shrunk the kids 或者 honey，I shrank the kids。这部电影的标题有语法错误。
So now, everyone says, shrunk instead of shrank. Number 12 is smell, to smell.
现在大家都说shrunk而不是shrank。第12个是闻，闻。
This means to have a particular smell or it means to be able to recognise a particular smell. Something smells or you smell something.
这个词的意思是有某种气味或能够辨别某种气味。某物又气味或者你闻到某物。
This again is the T versus E-D. British versus American dilemma.
这里依然是t和ed的对决。英式英语对战美式英语的困境。
In British English we say smelt, smelt and we lose an L. In American English, they say smelled, smelled.
在英式英语中我们说smelt，smelt，我们省略了一个l。在美式英语中，他们说smelled，smelled。
Examples, she smelt or smelled a vanilla and roses. Or he smelt, or smelled, her wrist and she smelt, or smelled, beautiful.
例句，她问到了香草味和玫瑰味。他闻了闻她的手腕，或者她气味很好闻。
Number 13 is very, very similar apart from its spell, spell, which means to say or write the letters of a word in correct order. It's exactly the same format as smell.
第13个非常非常类似，除了它的拼写，拼写，这个词意思是说出或写出一个单词的正确顺序。它跟smell的规则是一样的。
In British English, we say spelt, spelt. In American English, they say spelled, spelled.
在英式英语中我们说spelt，spelt。在美式英语中，他们说spelled，spelled。
An example, my surname is spelt or spelled Earl, E-A-R-L. Number 14, again, very, very similar, it is to spill, to spill, and this means to flow over the edge of a container by accident.
一个例子，我的姓拼作Earl，E-A-R-L。第14个，同样很类似，那就是溢出，溢出，这个词的意思是意外地从某个容器的边缘流出。
British English, we say spilt, spilt. American English, they say spilled, spilled.
英式英语，我们说spilt，spilt。美式英语，他们说spilled，spilled。
Both are absolutely fine. An example, water had spilt or spilled out of the bucket onto the floor.
两个都很好。一个例句，水从水桶中溢出来流到地面上。
And the last one, again, it's very, very similar. It is spoil, spoil.
最后一个，还是很类似。那就是破坏，破坏。
And this means to change something good into something bad, unpleasant or useless. In British English, we say spoilt, spoilt.
这个词的意思是让某物由好变坏，变成令人不悦或没有用的东西。在英式英语中我们说spoilt，spoilt。
And in American English, they say spoiled, spoiled. An example, he completely spoilt or spoiled our evening.
而在美式英语中他们说spoiled，spoiled。一个例子，他完全破坏了我们的夜晚。
Right, that's it for today's lesson. I really hope that clears up some of your doubts about why you see these words spelt or spelled and pronounced in different ways.
好的，今天的课就到这里。我真的希望这个能清楚你们的一些关于为什么你会看到这些词的拼法和读法不一样的疑虑。
Well, some of them are incorrect. Some of them, most of them are correct.
嗯，它们中有一些是不正确的。它们中有一些，大部分都是正确的。
They can be pronounced in two different ways, depending on who is saying or writing them. You do have some homework today.
它们可能有两种不同拼法，基于谁说以及谁写。你们今天要做一些家庭作业。
It is to write five sentences using five of these words in the correct or your chosen way. So I don't want to see a blend of British and American.
那就是以正确的方式或你选择的方式用其中五个词造五个句子。所以我不想看到英式英语和美式英语混用。
You need to choose one or the other. Unless you really want to and you feel that you identify both places.
你们需要选定一种。除非你真心想要那样，并且你觉得你认同两种身份。
I'm gonna tell you what to do. But yeah, it will be really nice to see those sentences and I'll correct as many as I can.
我来告诉你们怎么做。但是是的，看到那些句子真的很好，而且我会尽我所能地批改。
Feel free to correct each other. Don't forget to check out Audible.
请互相批改。别忘记查看Audible。
You can get your free audiobook by clicking on the link in the description box. And don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media.
你们可以通过点击描述栏中的链接获取你们的免费有声书。还有别忘记在我所有的社交媒体上联系我。
I've got my Facebook, my Instagram, my Twitter and my personal channel, Lucy Bella Earl where I talk about everything that isn't related to English, i. e my personal life. I will see you soon for another lesson.
我有脸书、INS、推特，还有我的个人频道Lucy Bella Earl，在那里我会谈论一切跟英语无关的东西，即我的个人生活。我们下节课再见。
