有同学问“what 和 which 有什么区别?为什么what不能引导定语从句?”下面我们首先列出 what 和 which 这两个词作用的异同,然后逐一进行讲解:
一、what 和 which 都可以做疑问词
二、what 和 which 都可以引导名词从句
三、what 和 which 都不可以引导状语从句
四、which 可以引导定语从句,what 不能引导定语从句
一、what 和 which 都可以做疑问词。示例:
1. What do you want? 你想要什么?
2. What are you doing? 你在做什么?
3. Which one do you want? 你想要哪一个?
4. Which do you like best? 你最喜欢哪一个?
以上 what 和 which 都是作为疑问句引导词,what 是一无所指,而 which 缩小范围,已有所指。
二、what 和 which 都可以引导名词从句。示例:
1. This is what I want. 这个就是我要的。
2. What I want is this. 我要的就是这个。
3. Which bus we should takeis still a question. 我们应该坐哪路车依旧是个问题。
4. I don't know which one I should choose. 我不知道该选哪一个啊。
以上 what 和 which 都可以引导名词从句,what 是泛指(任意指),而 which 缩小范围,已有所指,本质上这里的 what 和 which 还是作为疑问句引导词。
三、what 和 which 都不可以引导状语从句
状语从句是给句子提供额外的时间、地点、原因、条件等确定背景信息的,而what 和 which 引导的从句则是不确定信息,所以 what 和 which 都不可以引导状语从句。
四、which 可以引导定语从句,what 不能引导定语从句。示例:
1. Soldiers opened fire on a car which failed to stop at an army checkpoint.
士兵们向一辆没在军事检查站停下来的汽车开了火。
注:which 指代 a car
2. The book which he wrote in 1935still sells well.
他在1935年写的那本书仍然很畅销。
注:which 指代 The book
3. He also buys a new Toyota Camry, which he finances with a 60-month loan.
他还买了一辆新的丰田凯美瑞(Toyota Camry),并以60个月的贷款进行支付。
注:which 指代 a new Toyota Camry
4. Lolas uses that account, which has more than 160,000 followers,to post fitness tips, meal prep ideas and general life updates.
洛拉斯利用这个拥有16万多名粉丝的账号发布健身建议、准备膳食的想法和日常生活更新。
注:which 指代 that account
5. He is a good teacher , which is known to us.
他是一位好老师,这是我们所知道的。
注:which 指代 He is a good teacher
6. They produced a new record in 1996 , which was a celebration of their time as a real band.
他们于1996年出了一张新的专辑,这是对他们真正的乐队时代的一种庆祝。
注:which 指代 They produced a new record in 1996
通过上面例子可以看出无论是限定从句还是非限定从句其which 都是指代之前出现或者提到过的事物,which 要么是对该事物缩小范围(限定),要么是给予补充(非限定),which 所指的内容都是确定的。 而 what 为无所指,无法指代前面出现或者提到过的事物,所以不能引导定语从句。