一、形容词:用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。
1、形容词的句法作用:作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。
2、形容词在句子中的位置:
⑴作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。
如:a big yellow wooden wHeel(一个黄色的大木轮)
⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后。
如:The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)
⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。
如:We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)
⑷后置的情况:
① 修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。
如:Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)
② 与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。
如:He’s 1.8 meters tall.(他身高1.8米。)
The moon is about 380,000 kilometers away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)
二、常考形容词的用法辨析:
⑴ whole与all:
记住两个词序: the whole 名词;
all (of) the 名词。
如:He was busy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙)
He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词)
⑵ tall与high, short与low:
指人的个子时用tall与short;
指其他事物时一般用high与low。
如:He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮)
Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木)
A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)
⑶ real与true:
real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”;
而true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。
如:This is a real diamond(钻石) and it’s very expensive.(这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵)
--Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真实吗? 是的,我亲耳所听)
⑷ interested与interesting的区别:
interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语
而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。
如:The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他)
This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(这本书很有趣,你会真正获得享受)
I am interested in science.(我对自然科学感兴趣)
⑸ such用法:
such a(n) 名词(单数)( that从句)。
如:I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩)
He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.
(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故,他永远也不会忘记)
⑹ good与well:
表示“好”时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well;
表示“(身体)好”时用well.
如:Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益)
Study well and make progress every day.(好好学习,天天向上)
--How are you?—I am very well.(你好吗?我很好。)
⑺ nice与fine的区别:
nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等
fine一般指身体或天气好。
如:Let’s go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧)
She is a nice girl.(他是个漂亮的姑娘)
What a fine day!(多好的天气!)
He’s fine recently(最近).(近来他身体不错)
⑻ too much与much too:
too much表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量;
much too表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。
如:I am full because I have had too much rice.(我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭)
That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太贵了)
⑼ quick、fast与soon:
quick与fast基本同义,quick往往指反应速度快,fast往往指运动速度快,
soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。
如:After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.
(匆匆地吃过早饭,他朝学校赶去,却把书包忘记在家)
A train is much faster than a bus.(火车比公共汽车快得多)
His father will be back to China very soon.(他父亲很快就要返回中国)
⑽lonely与alone:
lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是:“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语;
alone的意思是:“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的alone可作状语)。
如:He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.(他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独)
He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.
(他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易)
⑾ other与else的区别:
两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同。
other放在名词前;
else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置,另外,or else表示“否则”,是连词。
如:The other students are on the playground.(其他学生在操场上) /
Who else can work out this maths problem?(还有谁能解出着道数学题?)
This is nobody else’s money. It’s mine.(这不是别的什么人的钱,是我的。)
Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗?
⑿ special与especial的区别:
表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可互换,但special较为常用。
另外,special还可以表示特别的目的。
如:She pays (e)special attention to clothes.(她非常注重着装)
These are special chairs for small children.(这些是专门给小孩子的椅子)
⒀ gone、lost、missing的区别:
gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语;
lost表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补;
missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。
如:My fever(高烧) is gone, but I still have a cough.(发烧消退了,但我仍然咳嗽)
The parents found the lost child at last.(家长终于找到了迷路的孩子)
My dictionary is missing. Who’s taken it away?(我的字典不见了,谁拿走了?)
For more detailed information(详情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(网址).
(如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情,请访问我们的网站)
⒁ living、alive、live、lively的区别:
四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。
living有三个意思:①“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语
②“一模一样的、逼真的”
③相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的”;
live指东西“活的”,可以替换为living;
alive作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面;
lively有三个意思:①有生气的、活泼的、快活的
②(色彩)鲜艳的
③生动的、真实的。
例如:A living language should be learned orally(口头上).(活的语言应该从口头上学)(被动句)
We have a living hope that you will succeed.(我们强烈地希望你能成功)
Is she still alive?(她还活着吗?)
They are the happiest children alive.(他们是活着的最开心的孩子)
This is a live fish.(这是条活鱼)
A live wire(电线) is dangerous.(有电的电线是危险的)
She is as lively as a kitten(小猫).(她像小猫一样可爱)
He gave a lively description of the football match.(他生动地描述了那场足球赛)
⒂ sick与ill区别:
sick和ill都表示“生病的”.
但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语。
如:He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.(他病了很久,现在非常虚弱)
Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets’ owners like them.
(兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物,很受宠物主人们的喜爱)
⒃ the poor(穷人们) / the rich(富人们)等用法:
“the 形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物,复数含义。
如:We must try our best to help the poor.(我们应该尽力帮助穷人们)
The rich never know how the poor are living.(有钱人哪知穷人怎么过日子)