结构:
- In spite of “ endless talk of difference ”,
- American society [主] is [系] an amazing machine [表] for homogenizing people [状] .
- This [主] is [系] “ the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse ,and the casualness and absence of deference ” characteristic of popular culture [表]
单词:
Homogenize vt.使雷同
Democratize vt.使民主化
Uniformity n.均匀性 一样 同样
Dress n.连衣裙 服装 vt.穿衣服 vi.打扮 穿着
Discourse n.论述 谈话 演讲
Casualness n.偶然 漫不经心
Absence n.没有 缺乏 缺席 不住以
Deference n.顺从 尊重
词组:
In spite of 尽管
Absence of deference 缺乏尊重
直译:尽管在“无穷无尽的讨论不同”,但是美国社会是一个神奇的的同化不同民族的机器。这是流行文化的特点,在穿着和讲话上是民主化的一致性,漫不经心以及缺乏尊重
译文:尽管我们“喋喋不休地谈论差异性”,但是美国社会确是一个使人们均质化的神奇机器。“着装和言谈既有民主性又有统一性,随意且不拘礼节”,这是美国流行文化的特征
2. People are absorbed into “ a culture of consumption ” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “ vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere . Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite , ” these were stores “ anyone could enter , regardless of class or background . This turned shopping into a public and democratic act . ” The mass media , advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization .结构:
- People [主] are absorbed into [谓(被)] “ a culture of consumption ” [宾] launched by the 19th-century department stores [定]
- 定语从句:that [主] offered [谓] “ vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere [宾] .
- Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite , ”
- these [主] were [系] stores [表]
- 定语从句:“ anyone [主] could enter [谓] , regardless of class or background .
- This [主] turned shopping into [谓] a public and democratic act [宾] . ”
- The mass media , advertising and sports [主] are [系] other forces [表] for homogenization [状]
单词:
Launch vt.发射 发起 推出
Elegant a.优雅的
Intimate a.亲密的 个人的 深刻的 vt.暗示
Initial a.最初的
Initiative n.主动权 法案 倡议
Cater vi.迎合 考虑 vt.提供餐饮服务
词组:
Absorb into 吸收 吸入
Instead of 代替 而不是
Turn A into B 把A变成B
Department store 百货商店
解析:
- that引导定语从句,修饰department store,句子中做主语
- These were stores 后面是定语从句,修饰stores,省略了连接词that
直译:人们被吸入由19世纪的百货商店推出的“消费文化”之中。这些百货商店“在优雅的环境中提供了大量的商品。不是过去迎合知识精英的私人商店”,现在的这些商店“任何人都能够进入,无需考虑阶级或者背景。者让购物变成了一个大众的以及民主的行为。”大众媒体,广告和运动是同化人们的另一种力量。
译文:人们沉迷于由19世纪百货商店倡导的“消费文化”中,这些百货商店“环境优雅,商品琳琅满目,与那些迎合知识精英的私密商店截然不同,”它们“允许任何阶级和背景的人光临”这使得购物成为了一种公共且民主的行为。其他促成同化的力量包括大众传媒,广告和体育产业等
重点:
- Absorb into 吸收 吸入
- Instead of 代替 而不是
- Turn A into B 把A变成B
- Department store 百货商店
- that引导定语从句,修饰department store,句子中做主语
- These were stores 后面是定语从句,修饰stores,省略了连接词that
结构:
- Immigrants [主] are quickly fitting into [谓] this common culture [宾] ,
- 定语从句:which [主] may not be [系1] altogether elevating [表1] but is [系2] hardly poisonous [表2] .
- Writing for the National Immigration Forum , Gregory Rodriguez [主] reports [谓]
- 宾语从句:that today’s immigration [主] is [系] neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation [表]
单词:
Altogether ad.完全的 全然地 总体上
Elevate vt.提拔 抬高
Elevating a.发人深省的 有启发的
Poisonous a.有毒的 讨厌的 有害的
Forum n.论坛
Column n.专栏
Unprecedented a.空前的 史无前例的
Precedent n.先例
Resistant vt.抵抗
Assimilation n.同化 吸收
词组:
Fit into 适应
Neither A nor B 既不A也不B
直译:移民很快就适应了这种共同的文化,这个文化可能不会有总体提高,但也几乎没有伤害。给国家移民论坛写作的GR说,今天的移民既没有到达空前的水平,也不抵抗同化
译文:移民正在迅速地融入这种大众文化之中,这种情况也许不能从整体上提升美国大众文化,但也不会对其产生什么危害。在为《国家移民论坛》撰稿时,格里高利,罗德里格斯就报道说,今天的移民既没有处于空前的水平,也不抵制同化
重点:
- Fit into 适应
- Neither A nor B 既不A也不B
结构:
- In 1998 immigrants [主] were [系] 9.8 percent of the population [表] ;
- 省略句:in 1900 , 13.6 percent .
- In the 10 years prior to 1990 , 3.1 immigrants [主] arrived for [谓] every 1,000 residents [宾] ;
- 省略句:in the 10 years prior to 1890 , 9.2 for every 1,000 .
- Now , consider three indices of assimilation —— language , home ownership and intermarriage [宾]
单词:
Prior a.先前的 优先的
Indices n.指标 指数
Index n.指数 指标 索引
词组:
Prior to 在...之前
Arrive for 到达
解析:
- 分号表示前后两句话为并列关系
- 并列句中,相同的成分可以省略,所以出现两个省略句
- 省略句:in 1900 , 13.6 percent .
- 换原句:In 1990 immigrants [主] were [系] 13.6 percent of the population [表]
- 省略句:in the 10 years prior to 1890 , 9.2 for every 1,000 .
- 还原句:In the 10 years prior to 1890 , 9.2 immigrants [主] arrived for [谓] every 1,000 residents [宾]
直译:1998年,移民占总人口的9.8%;1900年,移民占总人口的13.6%。到1990年之前的十年里,每1000个居民中,移民数是3.1个;到1890年之前的十年里,每1000个居民中,移民数是9.2个.如今,认为同化有三个指标,即语言,房屋所有权和通婚
译文:1998年,移民占全国人口的9.8%;1990年为13.6%。在1990年之前的十年间,每1000个居民中就有3.1个人是新来的移民;而在1890年之前的十年间,每1000为居民当中就有9.2个移民,现在让我们来考虑一下三个同化指标——语言,房屋所有权和异族通婚
重点:
- Prior to 在...之前
- Arrive for 到达
- 分号表示前后两句话为并列关系
- 并列句中,相同的成分可以省略,所以出现两个省略句
- 省略句:in 1900 , 13.6 percent .
- 换原句:In 1990 immigrants [主] were [系] 13.6 percent of the population [表]
- 省略句:in the 10 years prior to 1890 , 9.2 for every 1,000 .
- 还原句:In the 10 years prior to 1890 , 9.2 immigrants [主] arrived for [谓] every 1,000 residents [宾]
结构:
- The 1990 Census [宾] revealed [宾]
- 宾语从句:that “ a majority of immigrants [主] from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin [定] spoke [谓] English ‘ well ’ or ‘ very well ’ after ten years of residence .” [宾]
单词:
census n.人口普查 统计
Origin n.起源 原点 开端 出身
直译:1990年的人口普查揭示了,定居十年之后,来自15个起源相同的每一个国家的大多数移民都可以把英语说的“好”或者“非常好”
译文:1990年的人口普查显示,“来自15个最常见移民国的大多数移民在到美国十年后,英语水平达到了’不错’或’非常好’的水平”