英语常用词疑难用法-54：also
(1) 这个副词有两层略微不同的含义：一是“相同”。
If you will stay, I will also. 您愿意留下我也就留下。二是“而且”。
The game was slow, and it was also boring. 这场比赛进行得慢吞吞的，而且还很沉闷。
She plays the piano and also sings. 她会弹钢琴，又会唱。
He is rich. Yet he is also stingy. 他很有钱。但他也很吝啬。
The book was long, also dull. 那本书又冗长又枯燥。
(2) also通常放在它所修饰的单词或词组之前，包括实义动词（但不包括主语，因为also修饰谓语也等于修饰了主语），但是遇到系动词to be的变位形式和助动词时就不能放在它前面，而只能放在后面（部分原因是：to be的变位形式以及助动词通常没有实义或是实义很弱，也就没有很大必要去直接修饰它，更需要直接修饰的成分还在后头）。They also will serve their country是“他们（同别人一样）将为国家服务”，而They will also serve their country则是“他们（不但干别的，而且还）为国家服务”。但是also究竟管句子的哪一个成分，往往不能光是从它的位置来判断，还要根据上下文来决定。下面三个例子，also位置都一样，但是管不同的句子成分。
I read in the paper that their band was coming to town. I also heard that the band would play here. 我在报上看到，他们那个乐队要到本市来。我还听说乐队要在这里表演（also管heard）。
Mary heard that their band is coming to town. I also heard that the band would play here. 玛丽听说他们那个乐队要到本市来。我也听说乐队要在这里表演（also管I）。
The band has been playing on the West Coast for weeks. I also heard that the band would play here. 那个乐队在西海岸表演了好几个星期了。我还听说乐队要在这里表演（also管here）。如果前后文不清楚，最好将also放到尽量靠近所管成分之处，
I heard the band would also play here. （also管here或play，但管play的可能性不大。）
(3) 有的学者认为，also不可以放在句首，但在倒装句中表示“同样”，可以放在句首，远距离修饰倒置谓语之后的主语。
Also on the agenda are... 议程还包括有...
Also old are the words from Old English and Middle English. (W. F. Bolton, A Short History of Literary English) 同样，那些来自古英语和中期英语的单词，也已经老旧了。also作“而且”、“更有甚者”解时，也可以放在句首，后面加上一个逗号。
Also, during the summer, so-called interim disciplinary rules were promulgated. (The New York Times, Jan. 9, 1969) 而且，在夏季还颁布了一些所谓临时纪律。
The warranty covers all power-train components. Also, participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee. 保修范围包括所有动力系统部件。而且，一些参加营销的零售商还提供永久性的免费维修保证，为自己的营业撑腰。但是这种结构受到非议。
