一、当我们想要描述对某事的一个愿望时,希望它与现在的或是过去的样子不一样时,最直接的方法是使用虚拟语气,可以用单词 wish 来构造这样的句子。具体方法是把句中谓语动词的时态往过去挪一个时态,例如:
1、一般现在时->一般过去时
情况:It’s Monday. I have to go to work.
今天是星期一。我得去上班了。
愿望:I wish it weren't Monday. I wish I didn't have to go to work.
我希望今天不是星期一。我真希望我不用去上班。
解析:此句中有的人更倾向于用 it wasn't,因为 it 是单数,但是在表达愿望的虚拟语气中,be 动词只用 were, 不管它前面的主语是单数还是复数,它是唯一一个不规则变形的单词,其他的动词要往过去挪一个时态,have to -> didn't have to.
情况:I can’t speak French, but would like to.
我不会说法语,但我想说。
愿望的表达方式:
I wish I spoke French.
我希望我说法语。
解析:此句把主要动词 speak 往过去挪一个时态 spoke.
I wish I could speak French.
我希望我能说法语。
解析:此句把情态动词 can 往过去挪一个时态 could.
2、现在进行时->过去进行时
情况:It is raining outside.
外面在下雨。
愿望:I wish it weren't raining.
我希望没有下雨。
解析:此句把 is 往过去挪一个时态 were.
3、现在完成时->过去完成时
情况:He has lived in New York City his whole life.
他一生都住在纽约市。
愿望:He wishes he had lived somewhere else at some point.
他希望他在某个时候住在别的地方。
解析:此句把 has 往过去挪一个时态 had.
4、现在完成进行时->过去完成进行时
情况:My assistant has been organizing the filing cabinet.
我的助手一直在整理文件柜。
愿望:I wish he had been working on something more important.
我希望他一直在做更重要的事情。
解析:此句把 has been 往过去挪一个时态 had been.
5、一般过去时->过去完成时
情况:I’ll miss my appointment because I left the house late.
我会错过约会的,因为我出门晚了。
愿望:I wish I had left the house earlier.
我真希望早点离开家。
解析:此句把 left 往过去挪一个时态 had left.
6、过去进行时->过去完成进行时
情况:I was living in Canada when I met you.
我遇见你的时候住在加拿大。
愿望:I wish I had been living in America when I met you.
我真希望我见到你时一直住在美国。
解析:此句把 was 往过去挪一个时态 had been.
7、过去完成时->过去完成时(没有更过去的时态)
情况:He had started smoking again.
他又开始抽烟了。
愿望:They all wished he hadn’t started smoking again.
他们都希望他不再抽烟。
解析:此句 had 没有可以往过去挪的时态 had.
8、过去完成进行时->过去完成进行时(没有更过去的时态)
情况:I had been working outside when you called.
你打电话的时候我一直在外面工作。
愿望:I wish I hadn’t been working outside when you called.
我希望你打电话的时候我没有在外面工作。
解析:此句 had been 没有可以往过去挪的时态 had been.
二、当表达对某人行为的一个愿望时,可以用 would 动词原形或只用动词的过去时,当用 would 更常见,例如:
情况:Your son is always leaving his clothes lying around the bedroom floor.
你儿子总是把衣服放在卧室地板上。
愿望的表达方式:
I wish he would pick up his clothes off the floor when I asked him to.
我希望他在我叫他的时候把衣服从地上捡起来。
I wish he picked up his clothes off the floor when I asked him to.
我希望他在我叫他的时候把衣服从地上捡起来。
情况:Your mother always whistles when she is in the house.
*妈在家时总是吹口哨。
愿望的表达方式:
I wish she wouldn’t whistle in the house like that.
我希望她不要在家里那样吹口哨。
I wish she didn’t whistle in the house like that.
我希望她不要在家里那样吹口哨。