英语虚拟语气的用法归纳,英语当中的虚拟语气用法例句

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虚拟语气表达的是说话人的假想、推测、怀疑或愿望等,而不是客观存在的事实。

虚拟语气用在宾语从句中

1. 在wish后的宾语从句中

wish表示不能实现的愿望,意为“可惜……,……就好了,悔不该……,但愿……”等。常用于下列三种情况:

(1) 表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用动词过去式(be动词用were)。

例如:

I wish Henry were as good and gentle as before.

(2) 表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might 动词原形”。

例如:

I wish you would go with us tomorrow.

(3) 表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用“had 过去分词”或“would / could have 过去分词”。

例如:

I wish we had come early yesterday.

2. 在would rather后的宾语从句中

would rather表示“宁愿,宁可”。后接从句时,从句中的谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。

例如:

I’ve spent too much money travelling. I’d rather I hadn’t.

3. 在suggest, demand, insist, request, order等动词后的宾语从句中

在suggest, demand, insist, request, order等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should 动词原形”,其中should可以省略。

例如:

The boss insisted that everyone (should) attend the year-end party.

虚拟语气用在if条件句中

1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句的谓语动词用动词过去式(be动词用were),而主句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might 动词原形”。

例如:

If you were the only person to know this, would you spread the word?

2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设,条件状语从句的谓语动词用 “had 过去分词”,而主句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might have 过去分词”。

例如:

Alice wouldn’t have seen me if I hadn’t waved to her.

3. 表示与将来事实相反的假设,条件状语从句的谓语动词用“动词过去式(be动词用were)”、“should 动词原形”或“were 不定式”,而主句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might 动词原形”。

例如:

If it should (were to) rain tomorrow, they would be very unhappy.

虚拟语气的其他用法

1. 在if only后

谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望,用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望,常译为“要是……就好了,但愿……”。

例如:

If only Cindy had taken my advice!

2. “It is (high / about) time that从句”中

从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时,也可用“should 动词原形”(should不可省略),但不如用一般过去时普遍。

3. 含有without, but for, otherwise等词的句子中,有时也需用虚拟语气。

例如:

Without air, there would be no living things on the earth.

But for Miss Yang’s encouragement, I couldn’t have made so much progress.

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