封面新闻见习记者 车家竹
8月15日全国首个生态日,封面新闻发布古风轻动漫《蜀道哪儿难嘛》,从500首写蜀道的诗中选取其中的8首,用结合动漫、方言朗诵的形式逐一展现,让诗人们与蜀道的故事再次浮现眼前。
《蜀道哪儿难嘛》的中英文双语版也于即日推出。其中除了王勃的《山中》选用了已故翻译界泰斗许渊冲老先生的英文版,其余7首均由翻译爱好者雯雯翻译。雯雯表示,破除文化差异,让英文阅读者没有门槛,发挥中国文化的内涵和优势把蜀道的“美”转化为全世界的“美”,这是莫大的乐趣。
诗歌翻译一直被公认为翻译中最难的文种,作为文学的最高形式,诗歌以其凝练的语言、意象的丰富,语言的字斟句酌,高度浓缩了传统文化,凝聚了中华传统文化的精髓,体现了古代诗人高超的艺术造诣。
诗译英法惟一人—许渊冲老先生认为“中英互译很难,比英法互译难十倍,而这个重担,只有中国人担得起。”他也曾分享过翻译李白的《静夜思》的小故事,中国人看到又圆又亮的月亮,自然会想到故乡。但外国人没有这种文化背景,若是按字面意思“向上望看到月亮,低下头想到故乡”,外国人很难感同身受。在翻译时,他把月光比作了水:“月光明亮如水(a pool of light)”,把思乡的心情描述成:“沉醉在乡愁中的人(drowned in homesickness)”。
这次选取的蜀道诗歌《山中》译文中,也能感受到许老先生代入诗人,当下有感而发的诗歌意境。“grieves over my long stay”,连长江都会为我的长期停留而感到惆怅,几句短语便将“悲已滞”表达得淋漓尽致。将诗句中的“高风”翻译为“ evening wind”(晚风),仿佛将山中吹来的风带到耳边。在高风送秋的季节,译句处处说景,没有一个直接表现感情的单词,但渗透了诗人浓厚的感情。
雯雯是BOB DYLAN粉丝,翻译中部分内容有模仿BOB的写作风格。在此次的翻译过程中,雯雯印象最为深刻的便是苏轼的《戏和正辅一字韵》,这首诗不是一般的写景抒情诗,而是一首“口吃诗”,雯雯查阅相关背景,了解到这首诗是为苏轼表哥而写。因为其表哥平时有口吃,所以苏轼模仿表哥的语气就创作了一首诗,这首诗的创作背景更像是一场“文字游戏”。没有具体的指向该怎么办?雯雯就按照中文中绕口令的感觉,将此诗翻译了下来。
中西方文化也不是完全不相通,在翻译杜牧的《奉和门下相公送西川相公兼领相印出镇全蜀诗十八韵》之时,诗中所提到有关于蜀道的历史典故“二星去、五丁忙”,在西方文化中也有相同的典故,这一契合点也使雯雯有了较大的翻译发挥空间。
雯雯谈到,将古诗翻译为英文难度很大,因为古诗中所运用的韵律、节奏、音节修辝手法等,还有诗歌语言本身固有的特点使它难以被传递。再加上古人用词比较讲究,诗句衔接也更加精妙。这些难点也更好的促使她将更好地研习中文和古诗,向博大精深的中华文化汲取营养,而且坚持中国文化的美感,才能让中国文化走向世界。
蜀道系列古诗双语版
酬成少尹骆谷行见呈
岑参
深林迷昏旦,栈道凌空虚。
飞雪缩马毛,烈风擘我肤。
What I Saw and Heard in Luogu
Cen Sen
Dawn and dusk were confused by dark forest,
Plank roads were higher than sky.
Horsehair retracted by snow,
Fierce wind ripped my skin.
剑门
杜甫
唯天有设险,剑门天下壮。
连山抱西南,石角皆北向。
Jian men (Sword Gate)
Du fu
Only Nature could have created such a precipitous barrier.
Jian Men had the most magnificent view of the world.
Endless mountains blocked southwest side.
With sharp boulders all to the north.
奉和门下相公送西川相公兼领相印出镇全蜀诗十八韵
杜牧
栈压嘉陵咽,峰横剑阁长。前驱二星去,开险五丁忙。
For Official XiChuan, to Shu
Du Mu
Plank roads sited at the keypoint of Jialing River
Mountains held a long queue in Jiange county
Two Messenger Stars had already departed,
Five Strongmen strained every nerve to blaze the trail
书怀
陆游
楚泽巴江两鬓残,夕阳又是倚阑干。
敢言日与长安远,惟恨天如蜀道难。
Sentiment on Shu Road
Lu You
I dreamed of Chu Lake and Ba River when I get old
Looking from high when the sun sank
I was not happy with the long road to Chang’an
The remote distance for me was as hard as it to Sichuan
山中
王勃
长江悲已滞,万里念将归。
况属高风晚,山山黄叶飞。
In the Maintain (Translated by Xu Yuanchong)
Wang Bo
The Long River grieves over my long stay
For my home is a thousand miles away
Now blows the evening wind so high
From mountain to mountain yellow leaves fly
送蔡挺代父之蜀
范仲淹
朔风岂不寒,蜀道岂不难。
之子代亲行,万里心自安。
To Cai Ting who replaced his farther to Sichuan
Who could say the north wind was not cold
Who could say the Shu road was not hard
The filial son spontaneously replaced his farther to the far far away place
For seeking the inner peace
戏和正辅一字韵
宋代
故居剑阁隔锦官,柑果姜蕨交荆菅。
奇孤甘挂汲古绠,侥觊敢揭钩金竿。
Joining Zhengfu’s Rhythm (Tongue twister)
Su Shi
I used to live in Jiange which was far from Chengdu
There were many fruits and vegetables,but also coarse grass
We should learn from the wisdom of the ancients
To have the ambience to make a grant achievement
满江红·送李正之提刑入蜀
辛弃疾〔宋代〕
蜀道登天,一杯送、绣衣行客。还自叹、中年多病,不堪离别。东北看惊诸葛表,西南更草相如檄。
Man Jiang Hong, for Li Zhengzhi
Xi Qiji
The Road to Shu was so difficult,
I only could bless you with a cup of liquor,
Meanwhile I suffered from the pain of saying goodbye.
I wished you could make your merit,
After all, Sichuan was the base of Zhuge Liang and Sima Xiangru.
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