在《新概念英语》经典版第二册第14课的难点部分(Special difficulties)里出现了几个表示“除了...之外”的词语用法,在各类英语考试中经常考到,在此做个梳理分享。
一、except柯林斯在线词典(www.collinsdictionary.com)对该词的释义为:You use exceptto introduce the only thing or person that a statement does not apply to, or a fact that prevents a statement from being completely true.。
由此可以看出,它表示的是“除了...之外,没有”,也就是说except后面接的是例外情况。如:
I wouldn't have accepted anything except a job in Europe. (我只接受在欧洲的工作。)
句中的a job in Europe是I唯一愿意接受的工作,也就是说,“除了在欧洲的工作,其他的我都不接受”。
再比如:
They all went to sleep except me. (除我之外,他们都去睡觉了。)
句中的me是唯一一个还没睡觉的人,是个例外情况。
二、except for柯林斯在线词典(www.collinsdictionary.com)对该词的释义为:You use except for to introduce the only thing or person that prevents a statement from being completely true.
从这个释义看来,except for与except的含义时一样的,也表示“除了...之外,没有”。但是,两者的用法不尽相同:当位于句末时,两者可以互换;当位于句首时,只能用except for。如:
I can do nothing except / except for swimming in the dog days. (在三伏天里,除了游泳,我什么事也做不成。)
Except for a broken wood chair, the room was empty. (屋子里除了一张破木椅,什么都没有。)
三、apart from柯林斯在线词典(www.collinsdictionary.com)对该词的释义为:You use apart from when you are making an exception to a general statement.
由此看来,apart from的含义跟except和except for是一样的。只是在用法上,apart from皆可以放在句末,也可以放在句首。如:
It's a good piece of work, apart from a few slight faults. (除了一些小缺点之外,这不失为一件漂亮的作品。)
Apart from Bobby, all the children like music. (除了鲍比,所有的孩子都喜欢音乐。)
但是,柯林斯在线词典对该短语又给出了另外一个解释:in addition to。也就是说,与except和except for都不同的是,apart from也可以表示相反的意思,即“除了...之外,还有”,相当于besides。如:
四、其他相关表达(一)besides
Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs. (他除了脸部和双手受伤以外,两条腿也断了。)
We study Russian and Spanish apart from English. (除了英语以外,我们还学俄语及西班牙语。)
前面提到了apart from相当于besides的用法,那么我就来看看besides是怎么用的。
柯林斯在线词典(www.collinsdictionary.com)对该词的释义为:besidessomethingmeans in addition to it.
也就是说,besides表示“除了...之外,还有”,相当于in addition to。它既可以放在句末,也可以放在句首。如:
There will be five of us for dinner, besides John. (除约翰外,还有我们五个人要一起吃饭。)
Besides coal, the most important natural fuel are gas and oil. (除了煤,最重要的天然燃料是煤气和石油。)
注意besides与beside(在...旁边)的区别。如:
The old lady fondled her cat as it sat beside her. (老妇人抚摸着蹲在身边的小猫。)Beside him sat a rich lady glittering with jewels. (在他旁边坐着一位珠光宝气的富婆。)
注意当beside位于句首时,会引起句子倒装。
(二)in addition to柯林斯在线词典(www.collinsdictionary.com)对该词的释义为:besides; as well as。
也就是说,该短语表示“除了...之外,还有”。如:
In addition to a diet, she pursues various exercises on TV. (除了节食以外,她还随电视做体操。)
I minored in literature in addition to art. (除了辅修艺术以外,我还辅修文学。)
(三)other than柯林斯在线词典(www.collinsdictionary.com)对该词的释义为:You use other than after a negative statement to say that the person, item, or thing that follows is the only exception to the statement.
由此可以看出,该短语的含义与except和except for相同。但是,在用法上不同的是:该短语一般跟在否定结构后面。如:
He has no friend other than you. (除你之外,他就没有别的朋友了。)
The tall figure that you saw was none other than our manager. (你所见的那位身材魁梧的先生不是别人正是我们的经理。)
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