当前甜瓜分子育种的研究主要集中在新基因、新的发现、鉴定和验证上，以拓展甜瓜遗传资源，为将来甜瓜的标记辅助选择和基因工程奠定基础。
然而，对甜瓜种质资源进行遗传解剖以获得所需性状，并利用其天然多态性将在未来的甜瓜作物改良中取得巨大成功。
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