5 结论与展望
缺氧可诱发炎症、氧化损伤、血管内皮细胞损伤和自噬凋亡等，进而引起机体脑损伤、肺损伤及心肌损伤等，导致一系列疾病的发生与恶化。西医临床用于抗缺氧的常用药存在禁忌证较多、不良反应强等缺点，而中药作为中国的医学瑰宝，不仅不良反应小且具有多层次、多靶点、多通路的优势，在预防和治疗缺氧导致的高原病、心血管疾病和记忆损伤等方面极具应用前景。多酚类、黄酮类、皂苷类、苯丙素类、生物碱类和萜类等源于中药的天然单体化合物在抗缺氧损伤方面展现了较好的生物学活性；随着现代分离技术的发展和深入评估，中药提取物的原创性优势和较高的技术含量，在抗缺氧的治疗方面有着巨大潜力；中药复方将多种有效成分融合，通过多靶点、多通路多层次，针对不同诱因、不同组织部位的缺氧损伤及不同损伤类型的复杂疾病治疗具有独特优势。
然而，大部分对中药单体化合物、中药提取物及中药复方制剂的研究还停留在临床前的药效学研究阶段。此外，相比于西药，中药起效慢，缺乏对临床应用安全性及疗效的评估。因此，中药在防治缺氧损伤方面的临床应用还有待进一步的研究，后期应当将基础研究与临床应用结合，进一步确定中药抗缺氧损伤的作用及机制。综上所述，中药的单体化合物、提取物及复方制剂的多水平、多方向研究能更精准地为缺氧损伤相关疾病的治疗开辟新的途径及思路，寻找多靶点、多层次、多通路调控预防及对抗缺氧损伤的药物，为临床治疗缺氧相关疾病提供重要的理论依据。
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Research progress of anti-hypoxic Chinese medicine
WANG Wei-gang1,2,3,YANG Zhi-qiang2,3,4,LI Xiao-lin2,3,LI Mao-xing1,2,3,4*
1College of Pharmacy,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou 730000,China;2Department of Clinical Pharmacy,the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA;3Gansu Plateau Pharmaceutical Technology Center,Lanzhou 730050,China;4Institute of Chemical Technology,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,China
Abstract：Oxygen is an essential material basis for life activities.Hypobaric hypoxia in high altitude,respiratory diseases,cardiovascular diseases and other internal and external factors can lead to mitochondrial damage,energy metabolism disorder,oxidative stress,inflammation and a series of reactions,and damage the body.It is particularly important to develop safe and effective therapeutic drugs.In recent years,a large number of studies have shown that Chinese medicine has great potential in anti-hypoxia.This paper summarizes the research progress of anti-hypoxic monomeric compound,extracts and compounds of Chinese medicine,providing ideas for the in-depth study and development of anti-hypoxia Chinese medicine,and providing reference for its clinical application.
Key words：anti-hypoxia;hypoxia injury;monomeric compound;Chinese medicine extracts;Chinese medicine compounds
中图分类号：R932
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1001-6880(2022)2-0344-14
DOI:10.16333/j.1001-6880.2022.2.019
收稿日期：2021-05-14 接受日期：2021-08-31
基金项目：甘肃省重点研发项目(20YF3FA035)；拔尖培育项目(2021yxky001)；甘肃省卫生行业科研计划(GSWSKY 2020-41)；“新冠肺炎(COVID-19)”应急医学科研项目(20yjky018)
