形容词、副词是高考中语法填空、短文改错这些非选择题必考的考点。纵观近年高考,每年在这两个题型中都会同时出现,具有不可轻视的地位,一般都是送分的,考生们如能掌握这些知识,就可以轻松得分。下面就给大家分别介绍形容词和副词考点。
一 形容词考点:作定语、表语、比较级和最高级。
(一) 作定语:形容词一般放在名词前作定语。
1. (2019卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many __________(tradition) stories about Hawaii
分析:本题中tradition为名词,意为“传统”,现在位于另外一个名词stories前面,应该变成它的形容词traditional。
但是在下列情况中,作定语的形容词要放在其所修饰的名词之后:
1.以a一开头的形容词作定语时要后置,常见的有alive、afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake等。如:
He must be the best violinist alive.(他一定是当代最好的小提琴手了。)
2. 形容词修饰不定代词时后置。如:
Anyone intelligent can do it.(任何有头脑的人都能做这件事。)
3.形容词性短语作定语时要后置。如:
I think he is a man suitable for the job.(我认为他很适合做这项工作。)
注意:else用来修饰复合代词、疑问代词等时,必须后置。如:
Little else remains to be done.(剩下没什么要做的事了。)
(二)作表语:在系动词后作表语。
考例2. (2019卷Ⅱ)It’s ____________(wonder).
分析:本题中wonder位于系动词is后面,做表语成分,所以应该改成形容词wonderful。
大家知道,常用的系表结构是由两部分构成:系动词和表语。
1.系动词(分为三类):
1)be动词及表状态的词:am、is、are、was、were、remain、stay、keep等;
2)感官动词:sound、look、taste、feel、smell等;
3)表变化的动词:appear、become、grow、get、turn、go、come等。
注意:有一些动词既可以作系动词,又可以作及物动词和不及物动词;系动词常用主动表示被动,且没有进行时。如:
He is growing very fast.(不及物动词)
I am growing apples in my backyard.(及物动词)
The sea is growing rough.(系动词)
He is tastin2 the food.(及物动词)
The food tastes good.(连系动词)
Tasting good,the fruits sell well.(taste作系动词,没有被动形式)
2.表语:
在高考考查过程中,充当表语的常是形容词。
注意:一般以ly结尾的为副词,但是daily、weekly、friendly、lovely、lively、monthly等除外;使役动词转换来的形容词-ing形式表示“令人,使人……的”,-ed形式表示“人……(状态)”,
如:surprising/surprised;worrying/worried;disappointingdisappointed;shocking/shocked等。如:
Everyone was very friendly towards me.(每个人都对我十分友好。)
This is a worrying day.(这是令人担忧的一天。)
He was worried about his score.(他很担忧自己的分数。)
Father was so pleased that he suggested I go at once.(父亲太高兴了,于是他建议我赶紧走。)
(三)形容词的比较级和最高级
例3 (2019卷Ⅰ)leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ________(high) than they actually are.
例4 (2018卷II) Corn uses less water ______rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.
例5 (2018卷III)He screams the _________ (loud) of all.
分析:例3中high在句中作表语,而且后面有一个than表示比较概念,所以要把high改成higher。例4中根据前面的less可知本题应该填入一个than表示比较。在例5中,根据后面的of all(在所有人当中),可知这里应该用最高级loudest.
1.注意不规则形容词的比较级和最高级的拼写。如:
far—farther(表距离上)/further(表程度上)一farthest/furthest
good/well—better—best
bad—worse—worst
2.形容词最高级前面一定要填the,the后面给出的形容词一定是最高级形式,而副词最高级前的the则可有可无。如:
Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.
3.even/much/a lot/any(常在否定句和疑问句中)等修饰比较级,所以后面常跟比较级。
如:The screen turned even brighter. (屏幕变得更亮了。)
The crop was growing much slower
than he expected.(庄稼的长势比他的预期慢多了。)
I feel a lot better now.(我现在感到好多了。)
Is that any better?(情况好点了吗?)
二 副词考查:修饰动词、形容词和其它副词
例6 (2019卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ______(poor) studied
例7 (2019卷Ⅲ) They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were ______(huge) popular with tourists.
分析:例6中poor放在动词study前面修饰动词,所以应该改成副词形式poorly。而例7中的huge放在形容词popular前面,应该用副词hugely来修饰形容词。
如:
He spoke English fluently.(他的英语说得很流利。)
It’s extremely cold.(今天非常冷。)
I’m terribly disappointed at the news. (我对这个消息非常失望。)
He works very hard.(他非常努力地工作。)
They were getting along fairly well with each other.(他们相处得很不错。)
注意:形容词变成副词,要注意正确书写副词,否则无论是短文改错题还是语法填空题都很难得分。规律如下:
★直接加ly:
fortunate—fortunately;unfortunate—unfortunately;immediate—immediately;complete—completely;entire—entirely;extreme—extremely;private—privately等。
★去e加ly:
true—truly;who1e—who1ly(高中词汇中只有这两个,其余以e结尾且不是以le结尾的词都直接加ly)。
★辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i加ly:
happy——happily;lucky——luckily;easy——easily等。
★以le结尾的形容词,变e为y成为副词:
terrible—terribly;possible—possibly;impossible impossibly;probable—probably;
horrible—horribly;comfortable—comfortably;sensible—sensibly;simple—simply;
flexible—flexibly等。
以上是关于形容词和副词高考中的一些考点,大家掌握没有?欢迎大家继续关注有关高考英语知识。
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