一、such as 的七个用法
1. 表示举例，such as 意为“例如，诸如此类的，像……那样的”，相当于like或for example。如：
Humans cannot digest plants such as grass.
人不能消化草类植物。
Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms.
有些住宅仍没有像卫生间这样的基本设施。
Other nationalities, such as Pakistanis, were being airlifted out by their governments.
其他国家的人，例如巴基斯坦人，正由本国政府空运出境。
Organizations such as schools and clubs bind a community together.
诸如学校、俱乐部等机构使社区成为一个整体。
A business needs insurance against risks such as fire and flood
公司需要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。
Animals such as rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter，finding food wherever they can .
像兔和鹿这样的动物整个冬天都是很活跃的，它们到处寻找食物。
There are few poets such as Keats and Shelly. 像济慈和雪莱这样的诗人现在很少了。
用于此义时的几点说明：
(1) 这类结构既可表现为“名词 such as 例子”，也可表现为“such 名词 as 例子”。如：
I enjoy songs such as this one.= I enjoy such songs as this one.
我喜欢像这首歌一样的歌。
(2) 若 such as 后接动词，通常用动名词，有时也可用动词原形。如：
Magicians often perform tricks such as pulling a rabbit out of a hat.
魔术师们常常从帽子里抓出一只兔子的戏法。
Don't do anything silly such as marry him.
不要做什么蠢事，比如说去嫁给他。
(3) 不要按汉语意思将such as 用作such like。
(4) such as 后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。如：
正：I know four languages, such as Japanese and English.
我懂四种语言，如日语、英语。
误：I know four languages, such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如汉语、法语、日语和英语。
(5) 在现代英语中，such as可与etc. 连用。如：
They planted many flowers, such as roses, sunflowers，etc.
他们种了许多种花，如玫瑰花、向日葵等。
2. such as 表示“像……这样的”，其中的 as 用作关系代词，引导定语从句，as 在定语从句中用作主语或宾语。此外，不要按汉语意思把该结构中的 as 换成like。如：
He is not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像他看起来那么傻。
Such men as he (is) are rare now.
现在像他这样的人很少了。
3. such as 表示“凡是……的人(或事物)”、“所有……的人(事物)”，其意相当于 everything that, all those, those that (who)等。其中的 such 为先行词，as 为关系代词。如：
Take such (things) as you need.
你需要什么就拿什么。
You may choose such as you prefer.
你可挑选自己想要的东西。
4. 有时 such as 整个儿用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句。如：
We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had.
我们本来希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。
Then I left it，feeling a weight at my heart such as I had never had before.
然后我离开那里，心头感到一种前所未有的沉重心情。
5. 用于 such…as to do sth，表示结果，其中的such为限定语，as to do sth 表示结果。如：
It was such a loud noise as to wake everybody in the house.
声音很大，屋里的所有人都被吵醒了。
You shouldn't put such high prices as to frighten your customers off.
你不应该要价这么高，以致把顾客都吓跑了。
6. 用于such as to do sth，表示程度或结果。其中的such是代词，as to do sth引出的结构作程度状语或结果状语。如：
Her illness was not such as to cause anxiety.
她的病不是很重，不必担心。
The pain in her foot wasn't such as to stop her walking. 她脚疼，但还不至于不能行走。
7. 用于 such as it is 构成习语，表示让步，意思是“尽管不怎么好”“尽管不一定正确”“尽管没什么价值或重要性”。如：
The food, such as it is, is plentiful.
食物不是很好，但量很多。
The food, such as it was, was served at nine o'clock.
那饭虽说是粗茶淡饭，却到九点钟才端上来。
You may use my bike, such as it is.
尽管我的自行车不好，你可以将就着用吧。
二、such as 与其他相似结构的区别
such…as与such…that
such ... as 前者用于引导定语从句，such ... that 后者用于引导结果状语从句。如：
I've never heard such stories as he tells.
我从未听过他讲那样的故事。
It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.
天气很冷，街上没有一个人。
试比较：
He is such a good teacher as we all respect.
他是一位我们大家都尊敬的好老师。(as引导的是定语从句，as 在该定语从句中用作respect的宾语)
He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.
他是那样一位好老师,以致于我们大家都尊敬他。(that 引导的是结果状语从句，that在该状语从句中不充当句子成分，另外注意句中的respect带有宾语him)
三、表示“例如”的短语，除such as外，还有：
for example：
如：Priority cases, such as homeless families, get dealt with first.
优先事项，比如无住房家庭的问题，得到优先处理。
for instance
如：If you smell something unusual (gas fumes or burning, for instance), take the car to your mechanic.
如果你闻到了异味（例如汽油味或燃烧味），就把车带给你的修理工。
like
如：With major life traumas, like losing a loved one, for instance, the minds first reaction is denial.
面对人生的重大创痛，例如失去深爱的人，心理的第一反应就是拒绝接受。
