今天教大家三大从句之一: 名词性从句(nominal clause)
什么叫做从句?
就是一个完整的句子充当一个长句中的某个语(成分),就叫X语(成分)从句
英语中从句总共可以分为三种
1.名词性从句(用句子代替名词)
2.定语从句(用句子代替形容词)
3.状语从句(用句子代替副词)
名词在句子中可以作为:主语、宾语、表语、同位语
因此名词性从句就有四种:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
主语从句(subject clause)一.定义
主语从句(subject clause),顾名思义就是利用一个从句来代替主语。
例如:That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us .
这句话的结构就是最基础的:主+谓+宾
主语:That he finished writing the composition in such a short time
谓语:Surprised
宾语:us
二.连接词
引导主语从句的连词主要有:
从属连词:that,whether
连接代词:who,whoever,whom,whose,what,whatever,which,whichever
连接副词:when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however
- 主语从句的连接词that 无实际意义,但是不可省略
- 其他连接词有实际意义,不可省略
三.时态
从句时态不受主句时态的影响
Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
现在还没有决定谁会成为我们的班长。(主句将来时,从句完成式)
四.注意点
①主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外。由what引导的主语从句视情况而定
That price will go up is certain.
价格持续上涨是确定的
Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
我们明天是否会去郊游仍旧未知。
What caused the accident remains unknown.
事故的起因是未知的。
What we need are good doctors.
我们需要的是好的医生。
②如果主语从句放在句首表示“是否”的时候,不能用If只能有Whether
If Mary really heard him is really doubtful(false)
值得怀疑的是,是否玛丽真的听了他的话(错误)
whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful(correct)
值得怀疑的是,是否玛丽真的听了他的话(正确)
五.为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末(It 形式主语谓语 宾/表 从句)
(1)That he will win the match is certain. → It is certain that he will win the match.
他一定会赢得这场比赛的。
(2)That he has made a very important discovery in chemistry is true → It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
他的确在化学领域有了一个伟大的发现。
(3) what caused the accident is still a mystery. → It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
造成事故的原因仍旧是个秘密。
六.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1)If引导的主语从句
it is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. (right)
If he will leave for Beijing tomorrow is uncertain(wrong)
他明天是否离开北京是不确定的
(2)It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)
That President jin will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
据说主席金下周会参观我们学校
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)
他考试不及格
(3)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)
他是否错了已经无关紧要了
(3)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前.
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)
Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)
晚上可能下雨吗
宾语从句(object clause)一.定义
名词性从句均是异曲同工。即宾语从句就是利用一个从句来代替宾语。
例如:I think (that) you shoud tell the truth
主语:I
谓语:think
宾语:(that)you should tell the truth
二.连接词
从属连词主要有that,if,whether
连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whoever, whatever, whichever等
- That 用于陈述句的连接词(包括)肯定和否定,在句中不作任何成分,所以常常省略(有例外)
I think (that) is funny
我认为很搞笑
She hopes (that) tomorrow will be a good whether.
他希望明天是个好天气
- Whether/if 引导一般疑问句的宾语从句,连词有意义,不能省略。
I wonder if you can go with me?
我再想你能不能和我一起走
I don’t know whether i can go home?
我不知道我是否能回家了
- 特殊疑问词(连接代词)引导的宾语从句,连词有意义不可省略。
i know what i want to do.
我知道我想做什么
I ask him where i could take the bus.
我问他我能去哪做公交
三.时态
1.主句为现在时/将来时/完成时的时候。从句可能使用任何时态(视不同情况)
I know he lives here
我知道他住在这里
I know he lived here ten years ago.
我知道他十年前住在这里
I have heard that he will come tomorrow
我听说他明天会来
2.主句为过去时的时候,从句用的是对应的某种过去时态
I knew he lived here.
我知道他过去住在这里
I saw he talking with her mother.
我看见他和她妈妈在讲话
3.当遇到客观定理、公理时,从句一律用现在时
The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth.
老师说:太阳绕着地球转
四.注意点
- 宾语从句中That不可省略的情况
①宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词
He think that learning English is very hard.
我认为学习英语好难啊(learning English 做宾语从句的主语)
②宾语从句的主语是this或that 的时候
She said that that would lead her win.
她说那将使她获胜
③有两个或两个以上的宾语从句,第二个that不能省略
I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will get better
我相信你已经尽力了,事情会变好的
④it 作形式宾语,此时that 引导的宾语从句that 不可省略
I thought it strange that Amy didn’t came up yesterday.
艾米昨天没有来我觉得很奇怪
⑤双宾时,that 引导的从句做直接宾语时,that 不可省略
My foreign friend tell me that Chinese is one of the most difficult language to learn.
我的外国朋友告诉我中文是最难学的语言之一。
- 有四种只能用whether的情况
①or not
I don’t know whether he will come or not.
我不知道他是否会来
②有介词
I don’t care of whether he is handsome
我不在乎他是否长的够帅
③后接to do
He wondered whether to stay here the next week.
他不知道下星期是否要留在这里。
④作主语,只用whether
Whether he will come is not decided.
他是否来还没有决定。