NO.1 副词作状语
副词作状语 | |||||||||||
句子副词 | 连接副词 | 特别副词 | |||||||||
actually, apparently, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly | besides,meanwhile,then,therefore,thus,however,otherwise,so,yet | enough,too,very,much | |||||||||
(1)句子副词：
句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单个的词)，反映说话人的观点和看法。如 actually, apparently, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。
作用以及位置：
句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首)。
Eg:
Obviously he can't tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别两者的不同。
I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了，幸而会议推迟了。
但有些句子副词也可以出现句中。
eg： He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didn't. 他发出狞笑，他显然知道一些我所不知道的事。
有的句子也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化：
Clearly he didn't say so. 显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)
He didn't say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)
(2)起连词作用的副词
连接副词就是连接词，如besides，meanwhile，then, therefore, thus, However,Otherwise, so, yet 等。
作用以及位置：
常放在两个句子中间，前面为逗号，后面放连接词，从句之前。
注意：so 也可放在形容词之前做修饰，yet 可放句尾或从句之前。
(3) 特别副词
特别副词分别为enough, too, very , much 等
注意事项:
1.1 Enough 放在形容词和副词后，too 放在前面。
Eg: She’s old enough to do some work.
She’s too old to do any work.
1.2 Very 修饰形容词、副词；much 修饰动词(以及动词比较级）
Eg：Your work is very good.
This is much better.
NO.2 介词短语作状语、Be 形容词 介词
介词短语状语 | |||||||
常用介词 | |||||||
in,at,by,without,for,because of 等 | |||||||
（1）例句讲解：
1.介词短语作地点状语
We live in Hangzhou.
我们住在杭州。
2. 介词短语作时间状语
She got here at four.
她在4点到这儿的。
3. 介词短语作方式状语
They came here by train.
他们乘火车来这儿。
4. 介词短语作原因状语
The game was postponed because of rain.
因为下雨运动会被推迟了。
5. 介词短语作条件状语
There will be no living things without water.
没有水就没有生物。
6. 介词短语作目的状语
He ran for shelter.
他跑去避雨。
7. 介词短语作让步状语
They play football in spite of the rain.
他们冒雨踢足球。
8. 介词短语作程度状语
To what extent would you trust them?
你对他们信任程度如何?
（2）Be 形容词 介词
6个常用“be 形容词 from”结构
Be absent from缺席，不在，be different from与……不同，be far from离……远，远远不
Be free from没有，免受，be safe from没有……的危险，be tired from因……而疲劳
18个常用“be 形容词 for”结构
Be anxious for渴望，be bad for对……有害，对……不利be bound for前往
Be celebrated for以……出名，be convenient for对……方便，在……附近
Be eager for渴望，be famous for因……闻名，be fit for合适，适合
Be good for对……有益(方便)，be grateful for感谢，be hungry for渴望得到
Be late for迟到，be necessary for对……有必要，be ready for为……准备好
Be sorry for因……抱歉，be suitable for对……合适(适宜)，be thankful for因……而感激
be well-known for以……出名
12个常用“be 形容词 in”结构
Be concerned in与……有关，be disappointed in对(某人)感到失望，be engaged in从事于，忙于，be experienced in在……方面有经验，be expert in在……方面是行家，be fortunate in在……方面幸运，be honest in在……方面诚实，be interested in对……感兴趣，be lack in缺乏，be rich in富于，在……方面富有，be successful in在……方面成功, be weak in在……方面不行
16个常用“be 形容词 of”结构
Be afraid of害怕, be ashamed of为……感到羞愧, be aware of意识到，知道, be capable of能够，可以, be careful of小心，留心, be certain of确信，对……有把握, be fond of喜欢, be free of没有，摆脱, be full of充满, be glad of为……而高兴, be nervous of害怕, be proud of为……自豪, be short of缺乏, be sure of肯定，有把握, be tired of对……厌烦, be worthy of只得，配得上
19个常用“be 形容词 to”结构
Be accustomed to习惯于, be blind to对……视而不见, be close to靠近，接近, be devoted to献身，专心于, be equal to等于，能胜任, be familiar to为(某人)所熟悉, be harmful to对……有危害, be important to对……重要，be open to对……开放，易受到, be opposed to反对，不赞成, be opposite to在……对面，和……相反, be polite to对……有礼貌, be related to与……有关(是亲戚), be respectful to尊敬, be rude to对……无礼, be similar to与……相似, be true to忠实于，信守, be used to习惯于, be useful to对……有用
NO.3 形容词及分词（短语）作状语
形容词作状语的情况
形容词除了常见的在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语外，也可像副词一样在句中作状语。
1．原因
Overjoyed，he rushed out of the house．
Much interested，he agreed to give it a try．
Afraid of difficulties，they prefer to take the easy road．
2．时间
Ripe（When ripe），these apples are sweet．
3．伴随或方式
He spent 7days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry．
Helpless,we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes．
二、可用作伴随状语的几种方式
1．形容词
They all rushed up，eager to help．
She returned to work，unhappy．
2．现在分词
I don't like to sit here doing nothing．
He rushed out，even forgetting to take his overcoat．
3．过去分词
Accompanied by the professor，he spent several days doing experiments one after another．
4．介词短语
I said it in fun．
5．名词短语
Theory should go hand in hand with practice．
6．独立结构
He lay on his back，his hands crossed under his head．
The teacher came in，book in hand．
With the old man leading，they two started toward the mountain．
Now he could walk only with his brother supporting him．
一般情况下，由副词在句子中作状语，用与修饰动词；修饰形容词或者副词；或者修饰整个句子。但是对于形容词作状语这一现象，很多同学难以理解，实际上，形容词作状语的现象是不少见。该形容词通常用来说明主语的情况，常常可以单独或者引起一短语作状语；可以表示原因，也以表示动作的情况或者方方式，或者表原因。
1、Afraid of being caught，the thief hid himself under a bed.
因为害怕被抓，这个小偷藏在床下面。
2、Unable to answer the question，the students keep silent.
因为不能回答该问题，这些学生保存沉默。
表动作的情况或者方式
3、He approached us full of apologies.
他满口歉意地向我们走来。
4、Dressed in white，the lady came into the doctors office.
这位小姐穿着白衣走进这位医生的办公室。
NO.4 状语从句的八大类型
状语的八大类型 | |||||||||||||||||
时间状语从句 | 地点状语从句 | 方式状语从句 | 原因状语从句 | 条件状语从句 | 让步状语从句 | 目的状语从句和结果状语从句 | 比较状语从句 | ||||||||||
when,after,before,as,as soon as,as long as,since,whenever,once,now that,every time,each time,the moment,immediately,instantly,directly等 | where,wherever,anywhere | as，like，as if | because,as,since,in case | if,unless,supposing,providing,as long as等 | although,though,even though,while,whereas | so that,such that,in order that,otherwise,else | than ,as | ||||||||||
1.时间状语从句
由连词引起：
（when,after,before,as,as soon as,as long as,since,whenever,once）
E.g. When we lived in town we often went to the theater.
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
As the sun rose the fog dispersed.
少数不由连词引起状语从句。
（now that,every time,each time,the moment,immediately,instantly,directly）
E.g.
I had no sooner checked in the hotel than he arrived.
2.地点状语从句
(where,wherever,anywhere)
E.g. The church was built where there had once been a roman temple.
Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.
3.方式状语从句
一般由as，like，as if引起。
E.g. I am as you can image short of money. 正如你能想象的那样，我很缺钱。
I did as she asked.
Do it as he does.
I feel just like I did when I was a boy.
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
He glanced about as if in search of something.
4.原因状语从句
一般由because,as,since,in case,
E.g. He was angry because we were late.
As the soup was very salty, we were thirsty afterwards.
He took a spoonful and tasted it in case it was hot.
Seeing that it is ten o’clock, we shall not wait for her any longer.
5.条件状语从句
一般由if，unless,supposing, providing,as long as, granted that引起。
E.g. We sat on the grass if it was fine.
If I could afford it, I would buy a boat.
If necessary, ring me at home.
Supposing he can’t come, who will do the work?
6.让步状语从句
主要由although, though, even though, while,whereas。
E.g. Though we are poor, we are still happy.
Some praise him, whereas others condemn him.
Though not large, the room was well lit.
7.目的状语从句和结果状语从句
主要由so that,such that, in order that,otherwise,else.
E.g. Let’s take the front seats that we may see more clearly.
Give me back the money, otherwise I’ll ring the police.
Hurry up or else you’ll be late.
8.比较状语从句
主要由than ,as 引起。
E.g. You sing better than I do.
I haven’t done as much as I should have liked.
一. 单项填空
1. _______ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.
A. Though B. Since C. For D. So
2. ---Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us?
---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be
3. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him.
A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping
4. I don’t remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young.
A. what B. which C. where D. who
5. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow.
A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming
6. The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green.
A. not; before B. don’t; when C. not to; until D. not; after
7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike.
A. when B. that C. until D. because
8. I’ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow.
A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was
9. In the exam, the ________ you are, ______ the _______ mistakes you will make.
A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less
10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to play.
A. before B. after C. when D. while
答案：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A
综上所述，本节课是状语从句的全部章节语法总结归纳，只有多做题目，以及技巧性归纳，你才能更快理解状语从句的用法。把错题记录起来，下次如果再做错的时候，就知道错在哪里。
