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一、命题趋势
分析近五年中考试题可以看出，对情态动词的考查分值较少，主要出现在单项选择和用所给动词的适当形式填空中。
备考时，要熟练掌握情态动词的基本用法，把握情态动词的语法和语义特征，掌握每个情态动词的用法特点及功能，仔细摩语境中说者的情感、态度和语气。
二、考点梳理：
考点一：情态动词的概念、类型和基本特征
1. 怎样理解情态动词？
情态动词，顾名思义，就是表示说话人对事物/行为的看法，带有某种情绪、态度或语气的动词，带有一定的感情色彩，具有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，必须后接动词原形。
试体会：
（1）You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。must表必须，表明说话人的态度。
（2）You can hang out with your friend if you finish your homework.
如果你能完成作业，你可以和你的朋友出去逛街。can表可以，表明说话人允许外出的态度。
2. 情态动词的类型
（1）专职情态动词，只能用作情态动词，主要有can; could; may; might; must;
（2）兼职情态动词1，既可作情态动词又可作实义动词，主要有 need; dare;
（3）兼职情态动词2，既可作情态动词又可作助动词，主要有: will; would; shall; should;
（4）半情态动词，具有情态动词的部分特征，主要有: have to; had better; used to;
3. 情态动词的基本特征
（1）无人称和数的变化。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化，不管主语为何种人称，写法没有变化，即：没有词形的变化。
I can swim. You can swim. He can swim.
温馨提示：have to除外，有人称、数以及时态的变化。
I have to stay here. He has to stay here. They had to stay here yesterday.
（2）情态动词后跟动词原形,共同构成意义完整的合成谓语，即：合成谓语=情态动词 行为动词原形或系动词原形，此用法区别于实义动词。
例如：He can swim. He swims.
试划分句子成分：I can swim.
错误：I(主语) can（谓语）swim.（宾语） 正确：I(主语) can swim.（合成谓语）
温馨提示：正确划分句子成分，弄清情态动词的谓语角色，有助于宾语从句陈述与疑问语序的判断。
想一想，辨一辨：
① I don’t know if can he do the job. (错误) ② I don’t know if he can do the job. (正确)
If引导的宾语从句中，he为主语，can后加动词原形do构成合成谓语。①句中，谓语的一部分can放在主语he前面，为疑问语序，而宾语从句要求陈述语序（主语 全部谓语），所以，①句错误。
（3） 具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。
例如: --- Can you sing an English song? 你会唱英语歌吗? --- Yes, I can. 是的，我会。
考点二：情态动词的用法
1. can, could的用法
用法一：表才能，有才。
can表示现在的能力，例如: We can speak a little English.我们会讲一点英语；could表示过去的能力，例如：Jimmy could read at the age of five.
be able to即可表现在/过去能力，又可指将来具备的能力。
例如: He was able to swim at the age of five. We are able to speak English well. Kate will be able to drive when she is 18 years old.
用法二：表示请求或许可
例如：You can play basketball on Saturday. 周六你们可以打篮球。表示许可。
Can you help me with my English? 你能帮我学英语吗？表示请求。
表请求时，could不是can的过去式，但比can更可气、更委婉。
想一想，练一练：
Could you please tell me ____________?
A. where was the restroom? B. where the restroom was?
C. where is the restroom? D. where the restroom is?
答案：D
解析：tell后常跟宾语从句，要求陈述语序，即：主语 全部谓语。选项A、C中谓语动词is、was放在主语的前面，疑问语序，排除；could表请求时，不是can的过去式，只是更委婉的请求，所以选择is。
用法三：can’t表有把握的否定猜测，意为：一定不...
例如：The old man at the gate can’t be Zhang Yi, because he has gone to the USA.
想一想，练一练：
1. He _______ speak English very well although he has studied it for only one year.
A. mustn't B. can’t C. must D. can
答案：D
解析：根据句意可知，他英语能说得很好，尽管他只学了一年。英语说得好，这是表能力的用法，用情态动词can，故选D。
2. ---Mum, ______ I play football this afternoon?
---Sure, but you ______ finish your homework first.
A. may; could B. can; must C. can; mustn't D. may; can't
答案：B
解析：根据句意可知, 妈妈，今天下午我能踢足球吗？考查can表请求的用法；但是你必须先完成作业。考查must表命令的用法。
3. ---What does Justin Bieber's song Never Say Never impress you most?
--- It tells us that we _______ do almost anything if we never give up
A. can B. have to C. should D. need
答案：A
解析：考查can表能力的用法。它告诉我们如果我们不放弃，几乎任何一件事我们能做到。
2. must的用法
用法一：表示命令、义务或要求，意为：必须；
例如：We must tell the truth to our parents. 我们必须把真想告诉我们的父母。
想一想，练一练：
Nowadays all passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a train.
A. can B. may C. must D. will
答案: C
解析: 考查情态动词must表命令、义务或要求的用法。根据生活常识及句意可知，现在所有的乘客乘火车前必须过安检，故选C。
用法二：must表示有把握的肯定推测，意为：一定……；
例如：There's someone knocking at the door. It must be Jim.
温馨提示：
mustn’t意为：严禁，决不能，不表示有把握的否定猜测，can’t表示有把握的否定猜测。
想一想，练一练：
1. ---Whose bike is this?
---It ________ belong to Adam. Look! His bag is on it
A. can B. may C. Will D. must
答案：D
解析：考查must表猜测的用法。他的书包在车上，说明自行车一定是Adam的。must表有把握的肯定猜测。
2. The girl in the classroom ______ be Sarah. She has gone to the library.
A. may B. must C. can't D. needn't
答案：C
解析：考查can’t表有把握否定猜测的用法。教室里的这个女孩一定不是Sarah，因为她去图书馆了，有把握的否定猜测。
3. ---_______ I swim here?
--- I’m sorry. Children _______ swim alone here.
A. Must; can’t B. May; must C. Can; mustn’t D. Can’t; can
答案：C
解析：孩子们决不能独自一人在这儿游泳。mustn’t表严禁，决不能。
用法三：以must开头的疑问句，否定回答常用 needn't。needn't表 “不需要，不必”，相当于don' have to。
例如：---Must I finish the project today? 我必须今天完成这个项目吗?
---No, you needn't。不，你不必。
想一想，练一练：
1. ---Mum, must I wash the dishes right now?
---No, you ________.
A. shouldn't B. wouldn’t C. mustn't D. needn't
答案：D
解析：以must开头的疑问句，否定回答常用 needn't, 表 “不需要，不必”。
2. --- Mom， must I clean my room now?
--- No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow.
A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案：B
解析：以must开头的疑问句，否定回答常用 needn't, 表 “不需要，不必”。
3. may与might的用法
用法一：表无充分判断依据的推测，意为:可能; 也许，常用于肯定句中。
例如: He may come tomorrow.明天他可能会来
辨析：may与maybe
（1）may是情态动词，后接动词原形be，表示“可能是”，只能在句中作谓语。
（2）maybe为副词，用于句首，表示“可能；也许”相当于perhaps。
试转化：那个男孩可能来自加拿大。
句1：The boy may be from Canada.
句2：Maybe the boy is from Canada.
想一想，练一练：
1. ---Is that our new English teacher?
---Well, it _____ be, but I am not sure.
A. should B. might C. must D. can’t
答案：B
解析：考查might表猜测的用法。有下句中I am not sure.不确定可知，这种猜测无充分判断依据，可能是我们的英语老师。
2. ---Have you decided which high school to choose?
--- Not yet. I ______ go to Guangming High School.
A. must B. shouldn’t C. may D. needn’t
答案：C
解析：考查may表猜测的用法。由下句中Not yet可知，尚未作出去哪儿上学的决定，因此，去光明中学只是可能的事情。
用法二：表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。
例如: May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的书吗?
may表示请求时，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，其否定回答不用 may not，常用 mustn’t，意为：不可以;不许;禁止。
例如: ---May I go now? 我现在可以走了吗? ---No, you mustn’t. 不，不可以。
can和may均可用来征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。
用法三：表示祝愿。例如：May you success! 祝你成功!
4. need与dare的用法
need与dare既可作情态动词，又可作实意动词，在用法上有相似之处，以need为例，见下表：
作实意动词
Sb need sth. 意为：某人需要某物； I need some fruit to eat.
Sb need to do sth.意为：某人需要做某事 I need to buy a new pen for my sister.
作情态动词
用于否定或疑问句中，后接动词原形，无人称数及时态的变化；
区分need或dare为情态动词还是实意动词的方法如下：
（1）有无人称和数的变化；
need或dare作情态动词时，无人称和数的变化；need或dare作实意动词时，无人称和数的变化；
（2）后接动词形式不同；
need或dare作情态动词时，后接动词原形；need或dare作实意动词时，后接动词不定式，即：need或dare to do sth。
He needn't get up early. = He doesn’t need to get up early. 他不需要早起。
He needn't worry about it. = He doesn't need to worry about it.。这件事他无需担心
（3）句式变换的方法不同；
need或dare作情态动词时，变否定句在后面加not，变一般疑问句时提前；need或dare作实意动词时，进行各种句式变换需借助助动词do, does, did实现。
想一想，练一练：
1. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs _______ it every day.
A. practice to speak B. to practice speaking C. practice speaking D. to practice to speak
答案：B
解析：needs有词形的变化，为实意动词，后跟动词不定式to practice；practice后面只能跟doing形式，所以选择B。
2. ---Must I clean the classroom right now?
--- _________.You can do it after class
A. Yes, you must. B. No, you can. C. Yes, you may D. No, you needn't
答案：D
解析：以must开头的疑问句，否定回答常用 needn't, 表 “不需要，不必”，相当于don' have to。
考点5：had better的用法
had better 动词原形，常用于提建议，没有人称和数的变化，意为：最好做某事，其否定句式为：had better not do sth。
例如：You'd better（not）stay at home。你最好（不要）待在家里。
想一想，练一练：You’d better _____ (not watch) TV every day.
答案：not watch
解析：had better not do sth。
考点6：shall( should), will( would)的用法
(1) shall用于第一人称，表示征求意见、询问。
例如：Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗? Shall we have lunch here? 我们在这儿吃午饭好吗?
(2) should常用来表示义务或责任。
例如：We should obey traffic laws. 我们应该遵守交通规则。
(3) will用于第二人称，表示询问、请求，也可以表达现在的意愿。
例如：Will you pass me the book？ 把书递给我好吗? We will do anything for you 我们会为你做任何事。
(4) would用来表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。
例如：Would you tell me the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路吗
三、真题感悟练：
1. ---Must we finish our homework now
--- No, you ________.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can’t D. may
2. --- Must he sing the song in English?
---No. he _______.
A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't
3. --- Have you decided which senior high school to choose?
--- Not yet. I _____ go to Moonlight Senior High School.
A. must B. shouldn’t C. may D. needn’t
4. You _____ jump onto a bus while it is still moving. It is too dangerous
A. can B. must C. can't D. mustn't
5. There’s enough time for you to go to the airport. You _____ hurry now.
A. should B. needn't. C must D. can't
6. With the help of the new technology, you _____ e-mail your friends by mobile phone
A. can B. must C. need D. should
7. --- Could you help me with my English now?
---Yes. I _____
A. could B. can C. must D. couldn't
8. ---Will you go to the museum with me this afternoon?
--- Sorry, ______. My aunt is coming to see me.
A. I don't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I mustn’t
9. --- How is your friend coming?
---I’m not sure. He ______ drive here.
A. may B. can C. must D. will
10. ---- May I take my pet dog with me into the cinema?
--- The rule says no. So you ______.
A. can B. mustn't C. may D. needn’t
11. ---Who can it be?
---I’m not sure. It ______ be Lucy's friend, Lin Mei.
A. mustn't B. can't C. may D. must
12. According to a research, butterflies ______ see more colors than humans.
A. must B. need C. will D. can
13. --- Can I go fishing with you, Dad?
--- No, you ______. You ______ do your homework first
A. won’t; may B. can’t; must C. shouldn't; ought D. needn’t; should
14. --- ______ I take the magazine away from the reading room?
--- No, you mustn't. You _____ read it only here.
A. Must; must B. Must; can C. Need; must D. May; can
15. ---Sir, you ____ park your car in the middle of the road.
--- I ____ stop. A dog was running across the street.
A. mustn’t; needn’t B. needn’t; mustn’t C. mustn’t; must D. needn’t; need
真题提升练答案：
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B
6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B
11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. C
