一、规则动词 (Regullar Verbs)的过去式由 “动词原形 - ed”构成,具体变化有:
1. 一般的直接在词尾加
-ed
如 : want — wanted, work — worked,
need —needed,clean —cleaned
2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加 -d 。
如:like —liked, live —lived
use —used, move —moved
smile--smiled,hope--hoped
注意:ie 结尾动词 ,直接加 d: died;tied.
3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed 。
如:stop — stopped, trip —tripped
pian—planned;
4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词, 先把 y 变成 i ,再加 -ed 。
如:study —studied, carry — carried,
hurry — hurried, marry —married
worried; studied.
注意:规则动词过去式加“ ed”后的发音规则:
在浊辅音和元音后面[d]
called [kɔ:ld]
borrowed[bɒrəʊd]
moved[mu:vd]
在清辅音后面[t]
helped[helpt]
passed[pa:st]
在 [t] [d] 音后面[id]
started['sta:tid]
counted['kauntid]
needed['ni:did]
counted['kauntid]
二、不规则动词 (Irregular Verbs)的过去式大体上归纳有以下记忆法:
1. 以 t 结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:
put —put, let —let,
cut —cut, beat —beat
read — read,must--must
2. 以 d 结尾的词,把d 变成 t 。如 :
build —built, lend —lent,
send —sent, spend — spent
3. 以 n 结尾的词,在词后加t 。如:
mean — meant, burn —burnt,
learn —learnt
4. 以 ow / aw 结尾的词, 把 ow / aw 变成 ew 。如:
blow —blew, draw —drew,
know —knew,grow —grew
throw —threw (动词 show 除外, show — showed )
5. 含有双写字母的词, 将双写改为单写, 在词尾加 t 。如:
keep —kept, sleep — slept,
feel —felt,smell — smelt
sweep —swept
6. 含有元音字母 o / i 的词,将 o / i 变成 a。如:
come —came give —gave,
sit —sat, drink — drank
7 .以 ought 和 aught 结尾,且读音是〔:t 〕的过去式。如:
become — became,sing —sang,
bring —brought , buy — bought ,
think —thought , catch —caught ,
teach —taught
8 .把重读开音节中的i 改为 o,变成过去式。如:
drive —drove,ride —rode,write —wrote
9 .动词原形中的e 改为 o ,如:
get — got , forget —forgot
10 .动词原形中的ee 改为 e ,如:
feed — fed , meet —met
11 .动词原形中的eak 改为 oke ,如:
break —broke , speak — spoke
12 .动词原形中的ell 改为 old ,如:
sell —sold , tell —told
13 .动词原形中的an 改为 oo ,如:
stand — stood , understand —understood
14 .以 ould 结尾且读音为〔 ud 〕的情态动词过去式。如:
can —could , shall —should , will —would
15 .在动词原形后加d 或 t 变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear 〔 hi 〕—heard 〔 h :d 〕, say〔 sei 〕—said〔 sed 〕,mean 〔 mi:n 〕—meant 〔 ment 〕
16 .不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am , is —was , are — were , build —built , do —did , eat —ate , fall — fell , find — found , fly —flew , go —went , have / has — had , hold —held , leave — left , make — made ,may —might , run —ran , see — saw ,take —took
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